{"id":11748,"date":"2021-03-24T23:45:49","date_gmt":"2021-03-24T23:45:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/?p=11748"},"modified":"2021-03-25T00:36:57","modified_gmt":"2021-03-25T00:36:57","slug":"plasticul-in-arhitectura-constructii-si-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/index.php\/2021\/03\/24\/plasticul-in-arhitectura-constructii-si-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Plasticul \u00een arhitectur\u0103, construc\u0163ii \u015fi design"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Num\u0103rul aplica\u0163iilor maselor plastice \u00een arhitectur\u0103, construc\u0163ii \u015fi design<\/a>, \u00een tot de ceea ce \u0163ine de \u201ccas\u0103\u201c este imens. Se demonstreaz\u0103 astfel c\u0103 \u00een aceste domenii plasticul a devenit indispensabil \u015fi sunt premise puternice ca s\u0103 devin\u0103 materialul viitorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plastic shape the future<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Construc\u0163iile \u015fi arhitectura sunt marele consumator de \u201cplastic\u201d. Sunt cl\u0103diri realizate \u00een \u00eentregime din plastic. Deasemenea obiecte de dimensiuni mari care, datorit\u0103 imprimantelor 3D se pot realiza pe scar\u0103 industrial\u0103. Or\u0103\u015felele pentru copii, decorurile \u00een industria cinematografic\u0103, termoizolarea cl\u0103dirilor cu polistiren, industria ferestrelor (profile PVC) etc. nu mai pot fi ast\u0103zi concepute \u00een afara \u201cplasticului\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Acest fapt se datoreaz\u0103 calit\u0103\u0163ilor de net\u0103g\u0103duit pe care le prezint\u0103 masele plastice. Nu mai pu\u0163in importante sunt aplica\u0163iile plasticului \u00een finisaje. At\u00e2t la interior c\u00e2t \u015fi la exterior, profilele decorative pot fi incluse \u00een cadrul unui stil clasic precum \u015fi modern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen instala\u0163ii, multe dintre \u0163evile de metal au fost \u00eenlocuite cu succes de cele din plastic. La fel \u015fi garniturile pentru diverse instala\u0163ii. Mobilierul din plastic este deasemenea foarte r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit, cel pentru teras\u0103 \u015fi gr\u0103din\u0103 rezist\u00e2nd mult mai bine la intemperii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Materialele textile din plastic sunt folosite pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103. Acestea apar at\u00e2t la interiorul c\u00e2t \u015fi exteriorul casei, \u00een cadrul mobilierului, la sisteme de umbrire (jaluzele, obloane, rulouri, pergole, etc.), diverse cuverturi, saltele, tapet, etc. Alte aplica\u0163ii privesc acoperi\u015furile, pardoselile (parchet, linoleum), \u00eenveli\u015furile pentru cablurile electrice, instala\u0163iile de climatizare,\u00a0 pentru producerea energiei eoliene \u015fi fotovoltaice \u015fi multe altele..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eficien\u0163a energetic\u0103 precum \u015fi maleabilitatea maselor plastice sunt calit\u0103\u0163ile principale care fac din acestea posibilele materiale ale viitorului \u00een arhitectur\u0103 \u015fi design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marea problem\u0103 care se pune este vis a vis de ecologie, faptul de a fi reciclabil. Dar deja \u00eenc\u0103 de pe acum se produc mase plastice reciclabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u015fte utilizarea plasticului \u00een producerea suprafe\u0163elor vitrate (ferestre, luminatoare, terase)  trebuie s\u0103 avem \u00een vedere c\u0103, spre deosebire de sticl\u0103, acesta \u00ee\u015fi p\u0103streaz\u0103 transparen\u0163a clar\u0103 indiferent de grosime, \u015fi este mult mai u\u015for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imprimarea 3D<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Speciali\u015ftii sus\u0163in c\u0103 se a\u015fteapt\u0103 o adev\u0103rat\u0103 revolu\u0163ie industrial\u0103 datorit\u0103 imprim\u0103rii 3D. Plasticul este materialul de baz\u0103 folosit \u00een aceast\u0103 tehnologie. Nu vor face excep\u0163ie excep\u0163ie producerea mobilierului \u015fi finisajele pentru amenaj\u0103ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Din punct de vedere tehnic, imprimarea 3D<\/a> se ob\u0163ine prin straturi (de material plastic) de imprimare bidimensional\u0103 plasate unul peste cel\u0103lalt. Aceast\u0103 tehnologie nu numai c\u0103 ofer\u0103 numeroase posibilit\u0103\u0163i de design \u2013 forme \u015fi geometri complexe, cavit\u0103\u0163i, degaj\u0103ri \u015fi piese \u00een mi\u015fcare \u2013, dar conduce la o important\u0103 economisire de materiale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Imprimarea 3D le permite designerilor s\u0103 lucreze mult mai liber. Astfel, nu mai exist\u0103 bariere tehnice, iar prin obiectele proiectate \u015fi produse prin metode digitale se dezvolt\u0103 estetici total noi, de tip avangardist. Se schimb\u0103 abordarea asupra obiectelor (cum sunt concepute \u015fi percepute).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Designerul francez Fran\u00e7ois Brumet, de exemplu, \u00a0dezvolt\u0103 posibilit\u0103\u0163ile imprim\u0103rii 3D pentru proiectarea habitatului prin combinarea arhitecturii cu designul de interior. Proiectul \u201ePrinted Habitat<\/a>\u201d propune un model de garsonier\u0103 ce are integrate un du\u015f \u015fi un \u015fifonier, un sistem care asigur\u0103 o solu\u0163ie customizat\u0103 pentru amenajarea unei \u00eenc\u0103peri. Sunt combinate diverse etape din proiect, precum: realizarea structurii, executarea mobilierului potrivit, proiectarea instala\u0163iilor \u2013 sistemul electric \u015fi cel sanitar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ferestre \u015fi u\u015fi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ferestrele \u0219i u\u0219ile sunt cele mai importante elemente din structura unei case, de calitatea \u0219i rezisten\u021ba lor depinz\u00e2nd confortul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fa\u021b\u0103 de ramele clasice din lemn sau cele din aluminiu, profilele PVC (policlorur\u0103 de vinil) pot asigura cel mai bun coeficient de izolare termic\u0103 \u0219i fonic\u0103 \u00een condi\u0163iile unui raport calitate-pre\u021b superior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Spre deosebire de t\u00e2mpl\u0103ria tradi\u021bional\u0103 din lemn, profilele de tip PVC sunt foarte u\u0219or de cur\u0103\u021bat \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binut. Deasemenea, durata de via\u021b\u0103 este estimata la 50 de ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Profilele PVC sunt disponibile \u00eentr-o gam\u0103 variat\u0103 de culori. Ele ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a realiza o armonie perfect\u0103 \u00eentre interiorul casei \u0219i t\u00e2mpl\u0103ria acesteia. \u00cen func\u021bie de decorul locuin\u021bei, sunt ofertate zeci de variante de folieri \u00een culori RAL, imita\u021bii de lemn sau folieri metalice termorefractare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Instala\u0163ii\/\u0163evi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 proiectarea \u015fi dimensionarea sistemului de instala\u0163ii, este foarte important\u0103 alegerea \u0163evilor potrivite pentru fiecare circuit. Acesta poate fi de ap\u0103 cald\u0103, ap\u0103 rece, c\u0103ldur\u0103 sau canalizare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0162evile din plastic sunt printre cele mai populare datorit\u0103 pre\u0163ului foarte accesibil, greut\u0103\u0163ii mici, flexibilit\u0103\u0163ii ridicate, rezisten\u0163ei crescut\u0103 la coroziune. \u00cen schimb, au o durat\u0103 de via\u0163\u0103 \u015fi o rezisten\u0163\u0103 (la foc, presiuni mari, solven\u0163i) mai sc\u0103zute \u00een compara\u0163ie cu alte tipuri de \u0163evi moderne. Au o durat\u0103 de via\u0163\u0103 de 50 de ani, care scade semnificativ, sub 25 de ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0162evile multistrat (pexal) sunt unele dintre cele mai moderne componente ale sistemelor sanitare reziden\u0163iale. Acestea reu\u015fesc s\u0103 combine avantajele \u0163evilor din plastic cu cele ale \u0163evilor metalice. Prezint\u0103 o rezisten\u0163\u0103 mare la coroziune \u015fi agen\u0163i chimici, un coeficient de dilatare linear\u0103 redus \u015fi o conductivitate termic\u0103 a \u0163evii multistrat de 900 de ori mai mic\u0103 \u00een compara\u0163ie cu cea a \u0163evii de cupru. Aceasta se traduce prin pierderi mai mici de energie, \u015fi o igien\u0103 la standarde \u00eenalte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0162evile PPR (polipropilen\u0103) se folosesc pentru instala\u0163iile de furnizare a apei calde \u015fi reci, igienico-sanitare. PPR-ul este un material sintetic din care sunt fabricate \u0163evile \u015fi fitingurile aferente. Rezist\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la o temperatur\u0103 de 135 de grade Celsius \u015fi are o durat\u0103 de via\u0163\u0103 de 50 de ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aparate electrice<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Aplica\u0163iile plasticului \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte industria aparatelor electrice \u015fi electrocasnice, pe care le g\u0103sim \u00een numeroase ipostaze \u00een toate locuin\u0163ele, sunt uria\u015fe. Astfel \u00eent\u00e2lnim plasticul \u00een special la m\u0103\u015ftile acestor aparate dar \u015fi pentru numeroase componente \u015fi piese. Unele sunt \u00een \u00eentregime din plastic, cum sunt \u00eentrerup\u0103toarele \u015fi prizele sau unele l\u0103mpi de iluminat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polistirenul<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Polistirenul se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele mai frecvente \u015fi populare solu\u0163ii de izolare. Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 tipuri de polistiren: expandat \u015fi extrudat. Polistirenul expandat se utilizeaz\u0103 cu succes pentru termoizolarea interioar\u0103 \u015fi exterioar\u0103 a fa\u0163adelor \u015fi acoperi\u015furilor. Polistirenul extrudat se recomand\u0103 pentru suprafe\u0163ele cu \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103ri mecanice extreme \u015fi un grad mare de umiditate. Deasemenea la pere\u0163ii de la subsol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Datorit\u0103 utiliz\u0103rii sale foarte largi la izolare sunt desf\u0103\u015furate multe cercet\u0103ri pe aceast\u0103 tema \u015fi apar multe inova\u0163ii. \u00a0Cea mai nou\u0103 genera\u0163ie de polistiren este cel expandat grafitat. Acesta are o eficien\u0163\u0103 termic\u0103 mai mare cu 20% dec\u00e2t polistirenul expandat clasic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Izolarea fa\u0163adei se realizeaz\u0103, de obicei, prin pozi\u0163ionarea termoizola\u0163iei pe fa\u0163a exterioar\u0103 a pere\u0163ilor. Astfel, suprafa\u0163a interioar\u0103 nu se reduce. Casa beneficiaz\u0103 de o tratare unitar\u0103, precum \u015fi de o protec\u0163ie continu\u0103, \u00een scopul elimin\u0103rii pun\u0163ilor termice. Destina\u021bia principal\u0103 a polistirenului o reprezint\u0103 pere\u021bii exteriori. Adesea, acesta este utilizat \u0219i la termoizolarea teraselor necirculabile, a acoperi\u0219urilor cu \u0219arpant\u0103 din lemn, a plan\u0219eelor dispuse peste \u00eenc\u0103perile reci sau a plafoanelor suspendate sub acoperi\u0219uri. \u00cen cazul fa\u021badelor, grosimea pl\u0103cilor variaz\u0103 deobicei \u00eentre 5 \u0219i 20 cm. Pentru a avea efectul scontat \u015fi a respecta standardul, polistirenul trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 la exterior compresiunea de minimum 80kPa (EPS 80) \u015fi grosimea de cel pu\u0163in 15 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Printre avantajele polistirenului se num\u0103r\u0103 faptul c\u0103 izoleaz\u0103 foarte bine cl\u0103dirile, at\u00e2t termic, c\u00e2t \u0219i fonic. Se ob\u0163ine acest lucru f\u0103r\u0103 a le \u00eenc\u0103rca semnificativ. Polistirenul se poate \u00eentrebuin\u0163a \u0219i \u00een zone cu umiditate crescut\u0103, deoarece nu absoarbe apa. Poate fi ignifugat, nu se contract\u0103 \u0219i nu se dilat\u0103. Deasemenea, nu este atacat de ciuperci sau d\u0103un\u0103tori. nu putreze\u0219te. Este u\u0219or de prelucrat \u0219i de pus \u00een oper\u0103, implic\u00e2nd costuri mici de manoper\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izola\u0163ii cu material platic<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Coeficientul ridicat de izolare termic\u0103 al plasticului are ca urmare dimensiuni mai mici ale izola\u0163iilor. Deasemenea cl\u0103diri cu consum redus de energie termic\u0103 \u015fi electric\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Legat de dimensiuni discu\u0163iile pot merge mai departe. Pentru realizarea unor pere\u0163i din materiale plastice cu un anumit grad de izolare este necesar\u0103 o cantitate mai mic\u0103 de material dec\u00e2t pentru ni\u015fte pere\u0163i din beton sau c\u0103r\u0103mid\u0103 cu acela\u015fi grad de izolare. Aceasta datorit\u0103 coeficientului ridicat de izolare termic\u0103 al plasticului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezult\u0103 c\u0103 se consum\u0103 mai pu\u0163in\u0103 energie pentru producerea unor astfel de pere\u0163i fa\u0163\u0103 de variantele clasice. Aceasta face din plastic un material sustenabil. Este \u00eens\u0103\u00a0 o problem\u0103 \u00een g\u0103sirea unei solu\u0163ii privind cantit\u0103\u0163ile enorme de polistiren folosite la termoizolarea cl\u0103dirilor. Aceasta deoarece are totu\u015fi o durat\u0103 de func\u0163ionare sensibil mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t a cl\u0103dirii \u00eens\u0103\u015fi. Astfel este deci necesar\u0103 \u00eenlocuirea sa la un moment dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teme de actualitate legate de plastic<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Structurile u\u0219oare\u00a0 sunt \u00een prezent cheia reducerii consumului energetic \u0219i al celui de materiale inclusiv \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte construc\u0163iile. \u00cen prezent sunt nenum\u0103rate\u00a0 solu\u021bii de ob\u021binere rapid\u0103 \u0219i eficient\u0103 de structuri u\u015foare, din matrice \u0219i fibre de ranforsare, de elemente de construc\u021bie cu greutate optima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spectrul exponatelor abund\u0103 de hibrizi metal-plastic \u0219i orice combina\u021bie de matrice+fibre. Matrici termoplastice, duroplastice, cu elemente organice, poliuretanice sunt combinate cu sticl\u0103, carbon, fibre naturale sau sintetice. Astfel rezult\u0103 numeroase \u0219i foarte diverse aplica\u021bii ce corespund provoc\u0103rilor \u0219i exigen\u021belor moderne. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te materialele, exigen\u021bele beneficiarilor merg de la propriet\u0103\u021bile ignifuge, stabilitate a mixului matrice\/fibre, p\u00e2n\u0103 la caracteristici mecanice complexe \u00eenalte \u0219i o mai bun\u0103 fluiditate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gra\u021bie digitaliz\u0103rii, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birile de proces au dob\u00e2ndit un mare poten\u021bial pentru cre\u0219terea eficien\u021bei. Elementele turnate, construc\u021biile \u0219i propriet\u0103\u021bile materialelor pot fi acum mult mai bine coordonate. A crescut corespunz\u0103tor importan\u021ba simul\u0103rii\/model\u0103rii, cu feedbackuri recursive, \u00eentre produc\u021bie \u0219i proiectare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto: Messe Dusseldorf, Shutterstock<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Num\u0103rul aplica\u0163iilor maselor plastice \u00een arhitectur\u0103, construc\u0163ii \u015fi design, \u00een tot de ceea ce \u0163ine<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,10],"tags":[2343,1374,101,1392,2345,2344],"class_list":["post-11748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arhitectura","category-design","tag-ferestre-termopan","tag-imprimare-3d","tag-izolatii","tag-polistiren","tag-profile-pvc","tag-tevi-multistrat"],"yoast_head":"\nPlasticul \u00een arhitectur\u0103, construc\u0163ii \u015fi design - Life and Style<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Or\u0103\u015felele pentru copii, termoizolarea cl\u0103dirilor cu polistiren, industria ferestrelor nu mai pot fi ast\u0103zi concepute \u00cen afara plasticul\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/index.php\/2021\/03\/24\/plasticul-in-arhitectura-constructii-si-design\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plasticul \u00een arhitectur\u0103, construc\u0163ii \u015fi design - 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