{"id":20832,"date":"2022-03-06T18:44:13","date_gmt":"2022-03-06T18:44:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/?p=20832"},"modified":"2022-03-06T20:25:30","modified_gmt":"2022-03-06T20:25:30","slug":"demolarile-de-ieri-si-azi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/index.php\/2022\/03\/06\/demolarile-de-ieri-si-azi\/","title":{"rendered":"Demol\u0103rile de ieri \u015fi azi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cel mai mare  procent de de\u015feuri (33%) provine din demolarea construc\u0163iilor iar cea mai mare cantitate de energie se consum\u0103 pentru producerea materialelor pentru construc\u0163ii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iat\u0103 ce spune Radu Meric\u0103, director general RER Recuperare Ecologic\u0103 \u015fi Reciclare: \u201cAvem o mare apeten\u0163\u0103 pentru demolare, suntem adev\u0103ra\u0163i exper\u0163i \u00een acest domeniu, dar mai pu\u0163in \u00een construc\u0163ii\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demol\u0103ri \u00een perioada interbelic\u0103 pentru modernizarea ora\u015fului<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Apeten\u0163a pentru demolarea cl\u0103dirilor vechi \u00een \u0163ara noastr\u0103 nu este nou\u0103 \u015fi nici nu a inventat-o Ceau\u015fescu, de\u015fi el a ridicat-o pe cele mai \u00eenalte culmi. R\u00e2m\u00e2nerea \u00een urm\u0103 a \u0163\u0103rii datorat\u0103 jugului ottoman \u015fi dorin\u0163a de emancipare corelat cu preluarea modelelor occidentale este deasemenea o cauz\u0103 plauzibil\u0103 a \u00eenlocuirii cl\u0103dirilor vechi cu altele moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oferim \u00een acest sens doar un singur exemplu, \u015fi anume, demolarea superbei case istorice Marghiloman \u015fi construc\u0163ia pe locul s\u0103u a blocului ARO, cunoscut apoi sub numele de blocul Patria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Casa fostului prim-ministru conservator Alexandru Marghiloman, proiectat\u0103 de Petre Antonescu, ansamblul care cuprindea mai multe corpuri, a fost demolat \u00een anul 1929 c\u00e2nd este trasat Bulevardul Magheru. Pe locul unde au fost grajdurile va fi ridicat blocul ARO (Cinema Patria), opera unei echipe de arhitec\u021bi condus\u0103 de Horia Creang\u0103 care a definit un stil \u0219i o epoc\u0103 \u201eManhattan\u201d \u00een Bucure\u0219ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Impozanta cl\u0103dire situat\u0103 pe bulevardul Magheru reprezint\u0103 prima realizare major\u0103 a modernismului rom\u00e2nesc, fiind actualmente un monument de patrimoniu. De remarcat faptul c\u0103 aspectul construc\u021biei a st\u00e2rnit nenum\u0103rate controverse \u00een epoc\u0103, chiar \u0219i printre arhitec\u021bii tributari ai stilului interna\u021bional. Se spune c\u0103 grupuri de cet\u0103\u0163eni se adunau pe partea opus\u0103 a cl\u0103dirii \u015fi protestau \u00een fa\u0163a acestei construc\u0163ii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Din p\u0103cate, imobilul se afl\u0103 acum \u00eentr-o stare avansat\u0103 de degradare: tencuiala st\u0103 s\u0103 cad\u0103, pere\u021bii exteriori sunt \u00eemp\u0103nzi\u021bi de graffiti-uri, este \u00eencadrat \u00een clasa I de risc seismic. Prim\u0103ria Capitalei, \u00een colaborare cu Prim\u0103ria sectorului 1 s-au angajat \u00een consolidarea \u015fi reabilitarea acestui imobil. Deocamdat\u0103 se pare c\u0103 \u015fantierul nu a fost demarat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comunismul din Rom\u00e2nia, incompatibil cu casele vechi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ceau\u015fescu ura cl\u0103dirile vechi, \u00een special cele elegante construite \u00een perioda interbelic\u0103. Urm\u0103rile cutremurului din 1977 (zilele trecute s-au \u00eemplinit 45 de ani de la acest eveniment nefericit) \u015fi noua sistematizare a centrului, \u00eenclina\u0163iile megalomanice ale lui Ceau\u015fescu (complet nepotrivite cu spiritul nostru) au reprezentat pretextul ideal pentru regimul comunist de \u00eencepere a masivelor demol\u0103ri din anii \u201980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Strada Antim \u00eenainte de demol\u0103ri<\/em>. Foto: Dan Vartanian<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor \u00een Bucure\u015fti a fost aleas\u0103 zona central\u0103, practic vatra ora\u015fului unde \u00ee\u015fi aveau locul \u015fi numeroase monumente \u015fi biserici.  De altfel demol\u0103rile s-au extins \u015fi \u00een afara zonei alese pentru sistematizare iar modelul a fost preluat \u015fi \u00een alte ora\u015fe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00cen total, \u201c37 orase au fost schilodite \u015fi 29 aproape complet distruse\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, precizeaz\u0103 istoricul Dinu Giurescu. <\/strong>Au fost demolate sute de case, au disp\u0103rut str\u0103zi \u00eentregi cu farmec deosebit, au fost distruse  Dealului Spirii, cartierul Uranus, zona Dudesti, zona Udricani, zona Pietei Unirii, zona <\/strong>Sf\u00e2nta Vineri, Calea Rahovei, podurile de pe D\u00e2mbovi\u0163a,<\/em> biserici au fost d\u0103r\u00e2mate sau mutate, colina MIhai Vod\u0103 a fost pur \u015fi simplu ras\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Cas\u0103 \u00een curs de demolare, strada Antim, 1982<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen locul caselor vechi, unele construite foarte interesant \u00een pant\u0103  \u015fi al str\u0103zilor \u00eenguste, pavate cu piatr\u0103 cubic\u0103, au ap\u0103rut cartiere de blocuri \u00eenalte. \u015ei acum \u00eemi st\u0103ruie amintirea Schitului Maicilor (un col\u0163 de rai \u00een mijlocul ora\u015fului), salvat \u00een extremis dar r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd doar o bisericu\u0163\u0103 \u00eentre blocuri,  precum \u015fi o superb\u0103 cas\u0103 turceasc\u0103 pe strada Caz\u0103rmii, locuin\u0163a familiei Pitti\u015f. Rezultatul, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 grandios, este \u015fi acum contestat de majoritatea arhitec\u0163ilor. Nu trebuie uitat nici faptul c\u0103 extrem de actuala problem\u0103 a c\u00e2inilor maidanezi se datoreaz\u0103 \u00een mare parte tocmai acelor demol\u0103ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Strada Antim dup\u0103 o parte din demol\u0103ri, anul 1982<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iat\u0103 ce spune istoricul Dinu Giurescu despre acestea: \u201c<\/em><\/strong>Bucure\u015ftiul avea caracteristicile unui ora\u015f bizantin, ei au distrus o \u015fesime din ora\u015f, echivalentul Vene\u0163iei <\/ins>ca metri p\u0103tra\u0163i. A fost amputat\u0103 o zon\u0103 care reprezenta inima vechiului Bucure\u015fti, pentru a se ob\u0163ine posibilitatea de a face un nou ora\u015f, care s\u0103 nu se raporteze la alte valori ale trecutului, ci doar la el \u00eensu\u015fi.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTradi<\/em><\/strong>\u0163ia<\/em><\/strong>\u201d se continu<\/em><\/strong>\u0103<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Dac\u0103 \u00een anii \u201980 demol\u0103rile erau f\u0103cute cu scop politic fiind vizate valorile trecutului \u015fi spiritul, dup\u0103 \u201990  interesele economice au fost \u00een primul r\u00e2nd cele care au dictat. De fiecare dat\u0103, casele vechi au reprezentat \u0163inta principal\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hala Matache M\u0103celarul<\/strong> din Bucure\u0219ti a fost un monument al arhitecturii inginere\u0219ti din secolul XIX, construit de c\u0103tre prim\u0103ria Bucure\u0219ti<\/a> \u00eentre 1887 \u0219i 1899, \u00een urma proiectului realizat de Serviciul Tehnic al Comunei<\/a>, \u00een anul 1886, Construc\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 era format\u0103 dintr-o structur\u0103 tipic\u0103 halelor europene de secol XIX, din o\u021bel nituit, supl\u0103 \u0219i perforat\u0103, acoperit\u0103 \u00een lateral cu suprafe\u021be mari de sticl\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenchideri de lemn. Intradosul acoperi\u0219ului era format dintr-o astereal\u0103 din lemn, aparent\u0103, \u00eembinat\u0103 cu lamb\u0103 \u0219i uluc. Ulterior, halei i-au fost ad\u0103ugate \u00eenchiderile din pere\u021bi de zid\u0103rie, ferestrele cu arcade, basorelieful<\/a> \u0219i \u00een general construc\u021bia exterioar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Demol\u0103ri pe bulevardul Buze\u015fti<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au trecut aproape 10 ani de la demolarea halei iar Pia\u0163a Matache este \u00eenconjurat\u0103 \u015fi acum de terenuri virane, gunoaie \u015fi d\u0103r\u0103p\u0103n\u0103turi. \u00cen decembrie 2012, \u00eentr-o sear\u0103 \u00eenainte de s\u0103rb\u0103tori, odat\u0103 cu l\u0103sarea frigulu,\u00a0 zona a fost\u00a0 blocat\u0103 \u015fi \u00eenconjurat\u0103 de for\u0163e de ordine. Opera\u0163ia \u00a0a durat extrem de pu\u0163in, practic a doua zi se cam terminase, construc\u0163ia cu pricina era deja ras\u0103. Motivul demol\u0103rii era c\u0103 aceasta \u00a0dep\u0103\u015fea cu doi, trei metri linia bulevardului, parte integrant\u0103 a \u201cm\u0103re\u0163ului\u201d proiect al lui Ceau\u015fescu, prin care arterele principale ale Bucure\u015ftiului trebuiau musai s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la Palatul Poporului (o abera\u0163ie conform p\u0103rerii majorit\u0103\u0163ii arhitec\u0163ilor urbani\u015fti), iar edilii \u015fi constructorii, nu puteau \u015fi pace s\u0103 realizeze proiectul din cauza halei. Am amintit modul \u00een care s-a f\u0103cut demolarea \u00eentruc\u00e2t el seam\u0103n\u0103 extrem de bine\u00a0 cu cel practicat de cei care fac un lucru ilegal sau imoral \u015fi te pun \u00een fa\u0163a unui fapt \u00eemplinit. A\u015fa f\u0103cea \u015fi Ceau\u015fescu c\u00e2nd mai demola c\u00e2te o biseric\u0103 \u015fi tot a\u015fa unii proprietari\u00a0 care au demolat frumoase case vechi av\u00e2nd sau neav\u00e2nd autoriza\u0163ii de demolare. Pu\u015fi \u00een fa\u0163a faptului \u00eemplinit, nimeni nu mai putea spune nimic. \u00cen cazul Halei Matache M\u0103celaru, \u00eens\u0103, demolarea acesteia precum \u015fi a unor case de pe acea parte a bulevardului Buze\u015fti \u00eentrunea adeziunea majorit\u0103\u0163ii\u00a0 popula\u0163iei. O anchet\u0103 realizat\u0103 chiar de ziarul Rom\u00e2nia liber\u0103 a demonstrat c\u0103 trei sferturi din oamenii\u00a0 chestiona\u0163i (\u015fi mul\u0163I erau chiar din \u00eemprejurimi) au raspuns c\u0103 astfel vor sc\u0103pa de o anumit\u0103 popula\u0163ie din zon\u0103 \u015fi de gunoaie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Privi\u0163i fotografiile din galeria foto, realizate exact la 10 ani  ani de la demolare precum \u015fi anul acesta  \u015fi ve\u0163i vedea cum visele acestor oameni nu numai c\u0103 s-au spulberat dar chiar totul arat\u0103 mult mai r\u0103u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00cen “av\u00e2ntul \u00a0revolu\u0163ionar\u201d de atunci\u00a0 a fost \u00a0demolat\u0103 la fel de \u00a0rapid \u015fi o cas\u0103 din preajma halei \u015fi a pie\u0163ei, care era la distan\u0163\u0103 apreciabil\u0103 de carosabil \u015fi deci nu ar fi \u00eempiedicat cu absolut nimic realizarea bulevardului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Casa, cu etaj, era \u00een stare bun\u0103 (\u00eenainte vreme fusese la parter o alimentar\u0103),  avea o arhitectur\u0103 extrem de interesant\u0103 fiind una dintre pu\u0163inele case din Bucure\u015fti \u00een stil turcesc autentic. De ce a fost nevoie s\u0103 se demoleze \u015fi aceast\u0103 cas\u0103? Din foto se poate vedea c\u0103 acest teren a r\u0103mas liber, practic un teren viran, tot a\u015fa cum este \u015fi cel pe care era hala. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i demol\u0103m, pe urm\u0103 mai vedem noi. De fapt r\u0103spunsul nu difer\u0103 mult \u015fi fa\u0163\u0103 de cel legat de demolarea halei.  Chiar dac\u0103 nu era o cl\u0103dire de patrimoniu \u015fi nu avea statura Halei Unirii (structur\u0103 metalic\u0103 dup\u0103 modelul Halelor din Paris dar mai mare, cea mai mare construc\u0163ie din Bucure\u015fti la data realiz\u0103rii, demolat\u0103 de Ceau\u015fescu), Hala Matache reprezenta ceva (Matache M\u0103celaru este chiar un brand), avea o arhitectur\u0103 interesant\u0103 \u015fi, mai presus de toate, era func\u0163ional\u0103 \u015fi avea  instala\u0163ii bune, s-ar putea zice incomparabil cu halele actuale din pia\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Cu pu\u0163in\u0103 bun\u0103voin\u0163\u0103 \u015fi respect\u00a0 fa\u0163\u0103 de tradi\u0163ii, \u00a0hala se putea integra lesne \u00een proiect iar o renovare a cl\u0103dirii ar fi pus \u00eentreaga zon\u0103 \u00eentr-o lumin\u0103 extrem de favorabil\u0103. Acum \u00eens\u0103 aceast\u0103 zon\u0103 \u00a0unde se g\u0103se\u015fte Pia\u0163a Matache nu este altceva dec\u00e2t o enclav\u0103 \u00een centrul capitalei, m\u0103rginit\u0103 de terenuri virane, \u00a0case pr\u0103bu\u015fite \u015fi ruine care \u00ee\u0163i taie orice g\u00e2nd de a cump\u0103ra produse agricole rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, unele cu adev\u0103rat bio. Procesul a \u00eenceput de c\u00e2nd se punea problema trecerii metroului \u00een apropiere de Calea Grivi\u0163ei<\/a>. \u015ei atunci, \u00een anii \u201880, s-a demolat tot, metroul nu a mai trecut pe aici iar terenurile au r\u0103mas virane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dup\u0103 revolu\u0163ie, \u00eencetul cu \u00eencetul, sub privirile nep\u0103s\u0103toare ale autorit\u0103\u0163ilor, cl\u0103diri cu arhitectur\u0103 deosebit\u0103 \u00een stil art deco autentic \u015fi chiar cu cariatide – hoteluri, cinematografe, cl\u0103diri reziden\u0163iale cu magazine la parter\u00a0– cu valoare remarcabil\u0103 \u015fi care d\u0103deau un \u015farm deosebit cartierului, au intrat \u00een paragin\u0103. Sunt l\u0103sate s\u0103 se pr\u0103bu\u015feasc\u0103 singure, c\u0103ci nu se d\u0103 autoriza\u0163ie de demolare. Dar nici nu se face ceva pentru a se salva. Totul este decrepit, \u00een ruine sau terenuri virane pline de gunoaie. Acestea sunt vecin\u0103t\u0103\u0163ile Pie\u0163ei Matache<\/a>. Este nou \u00eens\u0103 Buze\u015fti, bulevardul modern cu greiera\u015fi, cel care nu duce nic\u0103ieri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSe va str\u0103bate Capitala de la nord la sud \u00eentr-un sfert de or\u0103!\u201d, promitea primarul general de la acel moment, responsabil cu aceste demol\u0103ri. Nici vorb\u0103 c\u0103 acest lucru nu se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dar \u201cm\u0103re\u0163ul\u201d bulevard sucomb\u0103 \u00eenainte de traversarea D\u00e2mbovi\u0163ei, neajung\u00e2nd nici m\u0103car la Palatul Parlamentului, conform visului lui Ceau\u015fescu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ruinele \u00een urma demol\u0103rilor dinspre Pia\u0163a Berzei sunt oarecum salvate de graffiti<\/a>, realizate de arti\u015fti consacra\u0163i. Ce deranjeaz\u0103 cel mai mult este faptul c\u0103 au fost efectuate nenum\u0103rate demol\u0103ri, au fost cheltui\u0163i bani mul\u0163i de la bugetul statului, deci banii no\u015ftri iar rezultatul este o arter\u0103 de doar c\u00e2reva sute de metri \u00eenconjurat\u0103 de maidane, case d\u0103r\u0103p\u0103nate \u015fi resturile demol\u0103rilor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nici urm\u0103 de vreun proiect care s\u0103 pun\u0103 ceva \u00een locul demol\u0103rilor. \u00cen centrul Bucure\u015ftiului au r\u0103mas maidane, terenuri libere, folosite (de c\u0103tre cine?) drept parc\u0103ri sau g\u0103ri interurbane pentru ma\u015fini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Statul are o lege pe care trebuie s\u0103 o p\u0103zeasc\u0103. Ideal ar fi ca tot cadrul juridic pe partea de protec\u021bie a patrimoniului s\u0103 treac\u0103 printr-un proces de actualizare. Dar p\u00e2n\u0103 la acest moment glorios, ar fi bine m\u0103car s\u0103 se asigure c\u0103, \u00een terioriu, imobilele de patrimoniu sunt \u00eentre\u021binute conform legii \u0219i s\u0103 asigure suportul administrativ necesar lucr\u0103rilor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cel mai mare  procent de de\u015feuri (33%) provine din demolarea construc\u0163iilor iar cea mai mare<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20833,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,12],"tags":[3946,4069,301,1008,1003,4072,1004,4071],"class_list":["post-20832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arhitectura","category-lifestyle","tag-bulevardul-buzesti","tag-casa-marghiloman","tag-case-vechi","tag-demolari","tag-hala-matache","tag-imobile-de-patrimoniu","tag-piata-matache","tag-stil-turcesc-autentic"],"yoast_head":"\nDemol\u0103rile de ieri \u015fi azi -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cele mai multe de\u015feuri 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