{"id":21001,"date":"2022-03-12T20:04:12","date_gmt":"2022-03-12T20:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/?p=21001"},"modified":"2022-03-12T20:41:15","modified_gmt":"2022-03-12T20:41:15","slug":"odesa-un-oras-la-rascrucea-imperiilor-si-a-istoriei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/index.php\/2022\/03\/12\/odesa-un-oras-la-rascrucea-imperiilor-si-a-istoriei\/","title":{"rendered":"Odesa – un ora\u0219 la r\u0103scrucea imperiilor \u0219i a istoriei"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Odat\u0103 cu evenimentele de acum \u015fi din urm\u0103 cu c\u00e2\u0163iva ani, numele ora\u015fului Odesa apare tot mai des. Mai multe informa\u0163ii despre acest vechi ora\u015f, cel mai mare port al M\u0103rii Negre \u015fi cu o arhitectur\u0103 interesant\u0103 de tip occidental, \u00een articolul de mai jos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Istorie<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Odesa este un ora\u0219 cu r\u0103d\u0103ini str\u0103vechi, fost\u0103 colonie greceasc\u0103 \u0219i bizantin\u0103, mitic legat de lumea mediteraneean\u0103, deci de Occident, pitoresc, multicultural \u0219i multietnic ca majoritatea ora\u0219elor de pe \u021b\u0103rmul M\u0103rii Negre<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Opera mare din Odesa<\/em>. Foto: wikimedia.org<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ora\u015ful a  tr\u0103it mereu la marginea imperiilor, \u00een b\u0103taia v\u00e2nturilor vremurilor. Ar trebui s\u0103 fie un ora\u0219 \u00een\u021belept, fiindc\u0103 numele ei grecesc se trage de la \u00een\u021beleptul Ulise. Probabil c\u0103 este, fiindc\u0103 a reu\u0219it s\u0103 supravie\u021buiasc\u0103 pr\u0103bu\u0219irii imperiului roman, bizantin \u0219i otoman, r\u0103zboaielor mondiale \u0219i celor fraticide din imperiul rus. Chiar \u0219i rom\u00e2nii ajung \u00een Odesa \u00een 1941.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Odesa, acum<\/em>. Foto: wikimedia.org<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odesa modern\u0103, care \u00eencepe s\u0103 se dezvolte dup\u0103 1789, \u00ee\u0219i datoreaz\u0103 prosperitatea \u0219i bunei administra\u021bii a ducelui de Richelieu, comandant francez \u00een slujba imperiului \u021barist. Acesta este considerat unul dintre p\u0103rin\u021bii fondatori ai Odesei, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un alt francez, contele Alexandre-Louis Andrault de Langeron<\/a>, care i-a succedat \u00een func\u021bie. <\/sup>Cei doi au trasat liniile ora\u015fului modern  \u0219i stilul architectural influen\u021bat de baroc \u0219i rococo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Ast\u0103zi, \u00een Pia\u0163a Operei din Odesa,<\/em> ora\u015ful se protejeaz\u0103. Foto: wikimedia.org<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Locuitorii Odesei l-au pre\u021buit pe Richelieu<\/a> \u0219i de aceea acesta  este comemorat cu o statuie de bronz din 1828<\/a>, un proiect realizat de Ivan Martos<\/a>, statuie care \u0219i a a r\u0103mas pe soclu \u00een ciuda schimb\u0103rilor de regim (foto deschidere).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modernitate \u015fi lifestyle<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Dezvoltarea ora\u0219ului \u00eencep\u00e2nd, mai ales cu secolul al XIX-lea. \u0219i atrage o popula\u021bie divers\u0103 \u0219i cosmopolit\u0103. Vin la Odesa numerosi ru\u0219i, dar \u0219i italieni, greci, evrei (1897 – 37% din \u00eentreaga popula\u021bie), ruteni, bulgari, armeni, ucrainieni, polonezi, albanezi \u0219i rom\u00e2ni. Numeroasele minorit\u0103\u021bi etnice au dat nume la multe str\u0103zi, ca, de exemplu, Fran\u021buzskaia (francez\u0103), Italianskaia (italian\u0103), Gre\u021biaskaia (greceasc\u0103), Evreiskaia (evreiasc\u0103), Arnautskaia (albanez\u0103).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Sc\u0103rile Potiomkin, <\/em> Foto: Maria Alexe<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Via\u021ba ora\u0219ului, dar \u0219i faptul c\u0103 fost mereu prilej de dispute se datoreaz\u0103 portului, cel mai mare port al M\u0103rii Negre. Portul este legat de partea sa emblematic\u0103, adic\u0103 de centrul vechi prin Sc\u0103rile Potiomkin, unul dintre cele mai populare monumente ale ora\u0219ului. Acestea au fost numite dup\u0103 cruci\u0219\u0103torul faimos pentru o rebeliune \u00eemportiva ofi\u0163erilor tiranici, in 1905. Impresionante prin construc\u021bia lor, ofer\u0103 \u0219i o panoram\u0103 minunat\u0103 asupra M\u0103rii Negre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a sublinia importan\u021ba portului \u0219i caracteul cosmopolit al localit\u0103\u021bii, pe 1 ianuarie<\/a> 2000<\/a> debarcaderul pavilionului de carantin\u0103 al portului comercial Odesa a fost declarat port liber \u0219i zon\u0103 economic\u0103 liber\u0103 pentru o perioad\u0103 de 25 de ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turism<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 ce urc\u0103 sc\u0103rile, turi\u0219tii pot \u00eencepe explorarea ora\u0219ului pornind la plimbare pe romantica Alee Vorontsov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Aleea Vorontsov<\/em>. Foto: wikimedia.org<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceast\u0103 alee important\u0103 pentru definirea atmosferei din centru vechi, ofer\u0103 priveli\u0219ti minunate asupra M\u0103rii Negre precum \u0219i posibilitatea de a admira monumente de arhitectur\u0103 specifice zonei. Este \u00eencadrat\u0103 pe de-o parte de Marea Negr\u0103, iar de cealalta parte, de cl\u0103diri vechi: hoteluri, foste palate \u015fi re\u015fedin\u0163e de nobili. Noaptea, aleea se lumineaz\u0103 \u00een diferite culori, devenind o alt\u0103 lume, capabil\u0103 s\u0103 sus\u021bin\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 ilustreze via\u0163a agitat\u0103 de noapte a ora\u015fului port.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Palatul Vorontsov, Foto: wikimwd<\/em>ia.org<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Palatul Vorontsov, <\/em> Foto: Maria Alexe<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cap\u0103tul estic al aleei, se afl\u0103 vechiul palat regal, Vorontsov, monument care impresioneaz\u0103 prin elegan\u021b\u0103, fericit\u0103 \u00eembinare de stiluri \u015fi mai ales prin coloanele sale neoclasice, care alc\u0103tuiesc o galerie de unde se poate privi marea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • \"\"<\/figure><\/li>
  • \"\"<\/figure><\/li><\/ul>
    Podul \u00eendr\u0103gosti\u0163ilor \u015fi inima cu lac\u0103tele iubirii<\/em>. Foto: Maria Alexe<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    L\u00e2ng\u0103 palat se afl\u0103 unul dintre cele mai romantice locuri ale ora\u0219ului \u2013 podul \u00eendr\u0103gosti\u021bilor, un loc  care aminte\u0219te de Podul minciunilor de la Sibiu \u0219i unde lac\u0103tele puse pe balustrade \u0219i pe o inim\u0103 simbolic\u0103, stau m\u0103rturie pentru pove\u0219ti de dragoste romantice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Arhitectura<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Impresionant\u0103 este arhitectura din partea veche a ora\u0219ului, acolo unde predomin\u0103 stilul eclectic cu accente baroce \u0219i elemente specifice aritecturii ruse. Sunt numeroase edificiile cu cariatide \u0219i cu fa\u021badele decorate cu stucatur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"
    Cl\u0103dire cu cariatide<\/em>. Foto: Maria Alexe<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Odesa este un ora\u0219 turistic fascinant \u0219i ca orice ora\u0219 de acest fel are anumite cl\u0103diri  pe care turi\u0219tii vor s\u0103 \u00eel vad\u0103 neap\u0103rat sau unde to\u021bi tinerii c\u0103s\u0103tori\u021bi vin s\u0103-\u0219i fac\u0103 fotografii. Este acel lucru care apare pe tricouri, pe c\u0103ni, pe c\u0103r\u021bi po\u0219tale sau pe magne\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Un astfel de loc este \u0219i Opera din Odesa. Cl\u0103direa Operei a fost proiectat\u0103 de arhitec\u021bii vienezi Ferdinand Fellner \u0219i Hermann Helmer, care au luat ca exemplu Opera din Dresda, construit\u0103 cu patru ani mai \u00eenainte, \u00een stil baroc, de c\u0103tre arhitectul Gottfried Semper. Multe detalii au fost reg\u00e2ndite \u0219i completate de Alexandro Bernardazzi. C\u00e2nd noul teatru a fost deschis la 1 octombrie 1887, a impresionat prin fast \u0219i elegan\u021b\u0103. Acustica unic\u0103 a s\u0103lii \u00een form\u0103 de potcoav\u0103 permite arti\u0219tilor de pe scen\u0103 s\u0103 fie auzi\u021bi \u00een orice col\u021b al s\u0103lii, chiar dac\u0103 vorbesc \u00een \u0219oapt\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • \"\"<\/figure><\/li>
    • \"\"<\/figure><\/li><\/ul>
      Interior Opera Mare din Odesa. Foto: Maria Alexe<\/em><\/em>

      <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Sala, \u00een stil rococo, are o capacitate de 1.664 de locuri. Tavanul s\u0103lii – pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 un candelabru imens de cristal – este \u00eempodobit cu patru medalioane cu picturi de Fran\u00e7ois Lefleur, \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219\u00e2nd scene din piesele lui Shakespeare: Hamlet, Visul unei nop\u021bi de var\u0103, O poveste de iarn\u0103 \u0219i Cum v\u0103 place. M\u00e2ndri de Opera lor, locuitorii Odesei o consider\u0103 una dintre cele mai frumoase din lume.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      • \"\"<\/figure><\/li>
      • \"\"<\/figure><\/li><\/ul>
        Catedrala Sf. Nicolae<\/em>, Foto: Maria Alexe<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ca \u00een orice ora\u0219 port la Marea Neagr\u0103 sunt multe l\u0103ca\u0219uri de cult apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unor religii diferite. Este foarte interesant\u0103 \u00eembinarea dintre arhitectura baroc\u0103 \u0219i aceea specific\u0103 bisericilor ortodoxe. Un exemplu este catedrala Sf. Nicolae care impresioneaz\u0103 prin porticul \u00een stil neoclasic \u0219i interiorul de dimensiuni foarte mari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        De\u0219i popula\u021bia evreiasc\u0103 s-a diminuat mult, au r\u0103mas \u00een ora\u0219 multe sinagogi. Azi, multe sunt \u00eenchise, dar num\u0103rul lor \u0219i amploarea construc\u021biilor stau m\u0103rturie a trecerii evreilor prin Odesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"
        Sinagoga Brodsky<\/em>. Foto: wikimedia.org<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Una dintre aceste l\u0103ca\u0219uri de cult, sinagoga Brodsky <\/strong>a fost confiscat de autorit\u0103\u021bile sovietice \u0219i retrocedat\u0103 comunit\u0103\u021bii evreie\u0219ti \u00een 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00cen ciuda unor accente comuniste (mai ales \u00een cartierele perferice), Odesa era \u00een vara anului 2021 un ora\u0219 elegant \u0219i cosmopolit, un loc ideal unde se poate petrece o vacan\u021b\u0103 la mare cu accente culturale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Maria Alexe<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Odat\u0103 cu evenimentele de acum \u015fi din urm\u0103 cu c\u00e2\u0163iva ani, numele ora\u015fului Odesa apare<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21002,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,12,3865],"tags":[1754,4103,4107,4106,4104,3463,4105,941,67],"class_list":["post-21001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arhitectura","category-lifestyle","category-turism","tag-baroc","tag-cosmopolitism","tag-lacasuri-de-cult","tag-opera-din-odesa","tag-port-la-marea-neagra","tag-rococo","tag-sinagoga-brodsky","tag-stil-eclectic","tag-stil-neoclasic"],"yoast_head":"\nOdesa - un ora\u0219 la r\u0103scrucea imperiilor \u0219i a istoriei - 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