{"id":24445,"date":"2022-08-25T21:24:16","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T21:24:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/?p=24445"},"modified":"2023-03-12T02:52:52","modified_gmt":"2023-03-12T02:52:52","slug":"cei-care-au-modelat-istoria-statuile-bucurestiului-interviu-cu-maria-alexe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/index.php\/2022\/08\/25\/cei-care-au-modelat-istoria-statuile-bucurestiului-interviu-cu-maria-alexe\/","title":{"rendered":"Cei care au modelat istoria. Statuile Bucure\u015ftiului – interviu cu Maria Alexe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Statuile au un rol deosebit de important, ele sunt parte a culturii noastre, ne aduc \u00een memorie momente istorice deosebite, reprezint\u0103 personalit\u0103\u0163i care au modelat societatea noastr\u0103 \u015fi adaug\u0103 \u015farm peisajului urban. Multe dintre ele au disp\u0103rut odat\u0103 cu schimbarea regimurilor politice iar mul\u0163i oameni trec nep\u0103s\u0103tori pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 cele existente, f\u0103r\u0103 a cunoa\u015fte semnifica\u0163ia \u015fi importan\u0163a lor \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 a avea vreo inten\u0163ie de a se informa asupra lor. Ne-am adresat \u00een aceast\u0103 idee Mariei Alexe, cercet\u0103tor, care a realizat \u015fi o carte pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Statuia lui Spiru Haret. Este cea mai recenta dintre cele patru statui de la Universitate. Autor Ion Jalea<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Care este rolul statuilor \u00een spa\u0163iul public urban?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maria Alexe: Statuile sunt o prezen\u021b\u0103 constant\u0103 \u00een ora\u0219ele Europei Occidentale. \u00cen Orient statuile reapar \u00een spa\u021biul public abia \u00een secolul al XIX-lea deoarece redarea tridimensional\u0103 a figurii umane nu era permis\u0103 din cauza canoanelor religioase. \u0218i din acest punct de vedere influen\u021ba oriental\u0103 este aceea care modeleaz\u0103 spa\u021biul urban balcanic \u015fi deci \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 important\u0103 \u00een Bucure\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Statuia G C Cantacuzino. Monumentul a fost ridicat \u00een anul 1904, a\u015fa cum m\u0103rturise\u015fte inscrip\u0163ia de pe plac\u0103 \u201eprin subscri\u0163iune de amicii s\u0103i politici, Creditul fonciar \u015fi func\u0163ionarii C\u0103ilor ferate\u201d. Este un monument salvat de furia comunist\u0103 datorit\u0103 pozi\u0163iei sale mai pu\u0163in \u201evizibile\u201d, \u00eentr-o pia\u0163\u0103 lateral\u0103, chiar la intrarea \u00een Gr\u0103dina Icoanei (unde se afl\u0103 din 1930) \u015fi de numele pa\u0219opti\u0219tilor \u00eenscrise pe cartea ce \u00eempodobe\u015fte soclul.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/em>Rolul statuilor este acela de a oferi o imagine care s\u0103 reprezinte un reper al memoriei colective \u0219i s\u0103 modeleze\/ordoneze spa\u021biul urban. Prima statuie din Bucure\u0219ti, aceea a sp\u0103tarului Cantacuzino, aminte\u0219te trec\u0103torilor personalitatea ctitorului spitalului Col\u021bea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bustul doctorului Haralambie Botescu, autor sculptorul Dumitru M\u0103\u0163\u0103oanu. Aproape nimeni nu \u0219tie azi cine a fost acest doctor, unul dintre cei care au \u00eenfiin\u021bat seviciul public de urgen\u021b\u0103. Amplasarea bustului s\u0103u \u00een micul scuar din fa\u0163a pie\u0163ii Matache M\u0103celaru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 Haralambie Botescu a locuit \u00een apropiere, la intersec\u0163ia str\u0103zii Berzei cu Calea Grivi\u0163ei<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bucure\u0219tiul nu a avut pie\u021be urbane \u00een sensul dat de arhitectura occidental\u0103 acestui spa\u021biu, p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea. Prima pia\u021b\u0103 urban\u0103, Pia\u021ba Universit\u0103\u021bii se organizeaz\u0103 \u00een jurul statuii lui Mihai Viteazul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alte statui ajung s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i piard\u0103 identitatea \u0219i devin simple repere de orientare. A\u0219a s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu grupurile statuare cunoscute sub numele de \u201eEroilor\u201c \u0219i \u201eLeul\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum ar\u0103tau pie\u0163ele din centrul Bucure\u015ftiului (Universit\u0103\u0163ii, Roman\u0103, etc) p\u00e2n\u0103 la instaurarea regimului comunist?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00cenainte de instaurarea regimului comunist pie\u021bele erau organizate \u00een jurul unor statui. Br\u0103tianu \u2013 Pia\u021ba Universit\u0103\u021bii, Lasc\u0103r Catargiu \u2013 Pia\u021ba Roman\u0103, statuia lui Carol I \u2013 Pia\u021ba Regal\u0103. Toate au fost \u00eenl\u0103turate \u0219i unele chiar distruse\/topite fiindc\u0103 personalit\u0103\u021bile pe care le reprezentau nu erau agreate. Nici azi nu s-a g\u0103sit o solu\u021bie viabil\u0103 pentru Pia\u021ba Universit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i Pia\u021ba Roman\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Una dintre cele mai frumoase \u0219i mai cunoscute statui din Bucure\u0219ti \u2013 statuia lui Carol Davila din fa\u021ba Universit\u0103\u021bii de medicin\u0103 Carol Davila<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au r\u0103mas neatinse statuia lui G. Cantacuzino din fa\u021ba Gr\u0103dinii Icoanei, cea a lui Alexandru Lahovari \u015fi a lui Luigi Cazzavillan. Dar cine mai \u015ftie ast\u0103zi c\u0103 acesta din urm\u0103 a fost fondatorul ziarului Univers iar Lahovari a fost ucis \u00eentr-un duel romantic?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

F\u00e2nt\u00e2na Lahovari nu mai este demult func\u021bional\u0103, despre personajul mort \u00eentr-un duel roamntic bucure\u0219tenii de azi nu stiu nimic. Monumentul este enigmatic \u0219i stingher \u00eent-un ora\u0219 complet transformat<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00centr-un ora\u0219 \u00een care prea pu\u021bini citesc presa scris\u0103, cine \u00ee\u0219i mai aminte\u0219te de fondatorul ziarului Universul, cel mai citit ziar rom\u00e2nesc \u2013 Luigi Cazzavillan. Monumentul aflat \u00een apropierea locului unde a locuit Cazzavillan unific\u0103 simbolistica occidental\u0103 a statui cu cea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 a f\u00e2nt\u00e2nii<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u0219i imagini ale unor oameni politici, monumentele au rezistat, fiindc\u0103 de\u0219i amplasate \u00een zona central\u0103 nu erau totu\u0219i pe artere importante. Statuia lui G. Cantacuzino a fost mutat\u0103 din centrul pie\u021bii dintre parcurile Ioanid \u0219i Icoanei la intrarea \u00een Gr\u0103dina Icoanei, ceea ce probabil a salvat-o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Foarte pu\u021bin cunoscut\u0103 azi- statuia lui Dinicu Golescu amplasat\u0103 pe bulevardul care \u00eei poart\u0103 numele. Si mai greu de identificat s-au dovedit cei patru fii ai s\u0103i, boieri pa\u0219opti\u0219ti care donat Bucure\u0219tiului \u00eentinse parcele din terenurile aflate \u00een proprietatea lor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bustul doctorului Haralabie Botescu d\u0103dea coeren\u021b\u0103 pia\u021betei din fa\u021ba Halei Matache (demolat\u0103).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce statui, ale c\u0103ror personalit\u0103\u0163i, erau amplasate central \u015fi ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu ele?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen zona central\u0103 erau statuile conduc\u0103torilor politici. De aceea la schimbarea regimului politic unele disp\u0103reau. Au supravie\u021buit statuile de la Universitate fiindc\u0103 reprezint\u0103 personalit\u0103\u021bi istorice (Mihai Viteazul) \u0219i culturale (Gheorghe Laz\u0103r, I.H. R\u0103dulescu, Spiru Haret). Au disp\u0103rut nu doar statuile lui Br\u0103tianu, Take Ionescu, Lasc\u0103r Catargiu, ci \u0219i cele ale lui Stalin \u0219i Lenin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 ce la \u00eenceputul anilor \u201890 statuia lui Lenin a fost \u00eenl\u0103turat\u0103 din fa\u021ba Casei Presei, a existat un proiect de \u00eenlocuire a ei. Timp de mai multe luni au fost propuse diferite statui. O butaforie era a\u0219ezat\u0103 pe soclul statuii lui Lenin \u0219i oamenii care treceau pe acolo \u00ee\u0219i d\u0103deau cu p\u0103rerea. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103 bucure\u0219tenii au primit Aripile, monument pe care nu l-au acceptat \u00een totalitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Un alt monument controversat este Crucea Secolului lui Paul Neagu, amplasat\u0103 ini\u021bial \u00een centrul pie\u021bii Charles de Gaulle, monument pe care bucure\u0219tenii l-au botezat Nasturele. Cu ocazia reamenaj\u0103rii pie\u021bii a fost mutat pu\u021bin mai spre nord, \u00een pia\u021ba de la cap\u0103tul \u0218oselei Nordului unde poate fi v\u0103zut \u0219i azi. \u00cen acest spa\u021biu mai mic, monumentul este mai bine pus \u00een valoare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu este foarte apreciat nici monumentul realizat de Alexandru Ghildu\u0219 \u00een memoria eroilor revolu\u021biei. Acolo este un \u00eentreg complex, dar bucure\u0219tenii, ironici ca de obicei, se refer\u0103 doar la monumentul central atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eel numesc fie \u201e\u021aepu\u0219a\u201c fie \u201eCartoful\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu au devenit repere ale spa\u021biului urban statuile domnitorului A.I. Cuza (criticate de cei care sunt adep\u021bii sculpturii moderne \u0219i primite cu indiferen\u021b\u0103 de publicul larg), a\u0219a cum s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu statuia dedicat\u0103 eroilor din Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial cunoscut\u0103 ca \u201eEroilor\u201c, monumentul Geniului devenit \u201eLeul\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Observ\u00e2nd atitudinea critic\u0103 a bucure\u0219tenilor fa\u021ba de noile statui, autorit\u0103\u021bile au \u00eenceput s\u0103 restaureze \u0219i s\u0103 reconstruiasc\u0103 vechi monumente. Printre primele a fost statuia lui I.C. Br\u0103tianu realizat\u0103 de Ivan Mestrovici, monument aflat \u00een parcul din spatele casei Br\u0103tianu. Printr-un adev\u0103rat miracol aceasta a sc\u0103pat furiei comuniste \u0219i nu a fost topit\u0103 asemeni statuilor lui Carol I \u0219i Ferdinand executate tot de Mestrovici. Se v\u0103d \u0219i azi, pe reverele hainei, urmele gloan\u021belor solda\u021bilor ru\u0219i care se distrau tr\u0103g\u00e2nd \u00een statuia frunta\u0219ului liberal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A fost restaurat \u0219i completat grupul statuar dedicat lui Lasc\u0103r Catargiu \u0219i amplasat \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 loca\u021bie dec\u00e2t cea original\u0103, pe bulevardul omonim, nu \u00een Pia\u021ba Roman\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reconstruc\u021bia care a st\u00e2rnit cele mai multe comentarii a fost cea a statuii lui Carol I, monumentul lui Florin Codre oferind o imagine mai pu\u021bin reu\u0219it\u0103 dec\u00e2t vechea statuie a lui Mestrovici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen general nu cred c\u0103 reconstruc\u021bia este o solu\u021bie. Restaurarea unor monumente este necesar\u0103, dar readucerea lor pe vechile amplasamente nu este \u00eentotdeauna benefic\u0103, fiindc\u0103 spa\u021biul \u00een care au fost amplasate ini\u021bial este diferit comparativ cu cel de azi. (Vezi cazul statuii Lupoaica reamplasat la intersec\u021bia str\u0103zii Lipscani cu bulevardul Br\u0103tianu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 exist\u0103 \u015fi cazuri chiar \u00een centrul Bucure\u015ftiului \u00een care nu se mai \u015ftie ce, sau pe cine reprezint\u0103 o statuie \u015fi nici artistul care a realizat-o?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Din p\u0103cate asemenea cazuri exist\u0103 \u0219i am ajuns la aceast\u0103 concluzie \u00een urma unui chestionar aplicat studen\u021bilor din mai multe universit\u0103\u021bi \u00een anii universitari 2007\/2008 \u0219i 2014\/2015. Un procent de 47% nu pot numi nici m\u0103car toate cele patru statui de la Universitate (doar Mihai Viteazul este recunoscut) \u0219i nici autorii lor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Monumentul Eroilor Sanitari a devenit de mult timp un monument al eroilor \u00een general, doar 5% din cei intervieva\u021bi au recunoscut o parte a personajelor de pe basoreliefuri. \u00cen acela\u0219i chestionar amintit mai sus am cerut s\u0103 se numeasc\u0103 5 statui din Bucure\u0219ti. La aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare doar 23% au putut r\u0103spunde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen fa\u021ba pie\u021bii Matache este bustul lui Haralambie Botescu, bust amplasat pe un soclu \u00eenalt. Doctorul a fost \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 viceprimar al capitalei, a f\u0103cut deci \u0219i politic\u0103. A fost printre ini\u021biatorii serviciului de urgen\u021b\u0103. Azi nimeni nu \u0219tie cine a fost \u0219i prea pu\u021bini \u0219tiu c\u0103 locul \u00een care este amplasat se cheam\u0103 Pia\u021ba Haralambie Botescu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce ar trebui f\u0103cut la nivel educa\u0163ional? Cine ar trebui s\u0103 se implice?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Desigur un rol educativ important revine \u0219colii, ceea ce nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 familia nu are niciun rol. Rolul institu\u021biilor de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt este \u0219i mai mare \u00een cazul studen\u021bilor care nu sunt to\u021bi locuitori permanen\u021bi ai ora\u0219ului. Ar trebui g\u00e2ndite programe educa\u021bionale care s\u0103-i motiveze pe copiii de 8-10 ani s\u0103 priveasc\u0103 atent \u00een jurul lor \u0219i s\u0103 aib\u0103 curiozitatea de a se informa. Sunt de ajutor \u0219i pl\u0103cu\u021bele indicatoare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O solu\u021bie de viitor ar fi o hart\u0103 interactiv\u0103 care s\u0103 ofere \u0219i informa\u021bii despre str\u0103zi, statui \u0219i imobile importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto: Weekipedia org<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Statuile au un rol deosebit de important, ele sunt parte a culturii noastre, ne aduc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24458,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,12],"tags":[2537,3340,3749,5376,5377,4634],"class_list":["post-24445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arhitectura","category-lifestyle","tag-interviu","tag-maria-alexe","tag-piete-urbane","tag-spatiul-public-urban","tag-spatiul-urban","tag-statui"],"yoast_head":"\nCei care au modelat istoria. Statuile Bucure\u015ftiului - interviu cu Maria Alexe - Life and Style<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Platforma de arhitectura, design, arta. 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