{"id":24597,"date":"2022-09-02T18:51:10","date_gmt":"2022-09-02T18:51:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/?p=24597"},"modified":"2022-09-02T19:11:43","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T19:11:43","slug":"ce-trebuie-sa-stiti-despre-sistemele-de-panouri-fotovoltaice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/index.php\/2022\/09\/02\/ce-trebuie-sa-stiti-despre-sistemele-de-panouri-fotovoltaice\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce trebuie s\u0103 \u015fti\u0163i despre sistemele de panouri fotovoltaice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00centr-o or\u0103 Pam\u00e2ntul prime\u0219te suficient\u0103 energie de la Soare pentru a acoperi \u00eentreaga nevoiea planetei timp de un an! Din acest punct de vedere, Rom\u00e2nia are o pozi\u021bie geografic\u0103 ce avantajeaz\u0103 produc\u021bia de energie din panouri fotovoltaice. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia cu 1 kW putere instalat\u0103 (aproximativ 4 panouri fotovoltaice) putem produce \u00een medie 1200kWh\/an, adic\u01031,2MWh\/an. Instal\u00e2nd panouri solare po\u0163i sa-\u0163i asiguri singur necesarul de energie, iar surplusul de energie \u00eel po\u0163i distribui \u00een re\u0163eaua na\u0163ional\u0103. Se recomand\u0103 folosirea de panouri fotovoltaice policristaline cu geam protector, tratat termic \u0219i de structur\u0103 prismatic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Avantajele folosirii de panouri fotovoltaice<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Utilizarea panourilor fotovoltaice aduce o serie \u00eentreag\u0103 de beneficii \u015fi nu doar pentru o con\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 eco. \u00centre beneficii, men\u0163ion\u0103m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Reduce consumul de energie electric\u0103. <\/strong>Producera energiei proprii \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103 absorbi\u021bi mai pu\u021bin din re\u021bea \u0219i, prin urmare, s\u0103 reduce\u021bi consumul de energie.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Surplusul de energie scade valoarea facturii. <\/strong>Surplusul de energie injectat \u00een re\u021bea va sc\u0103dea din costul total al facturii energiei consumate.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aduce plusvaloare casei. <\/strong>La v\u00e2nzarea imobilului, prezen\u021ba unui sistem solar determin\u0103 o valoare ad\u0103ugat\u0103 mare pentru poten\u021bialii cump\u0103r\u0103tori.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reduce amprenta dvs. de carbon. <\/strong>Fiind o surs\u0103 de energie regenerabil\u0103, pute\u021bi avea un impact real prin reducerea emisiilor de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 ale casei dumneavoast<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum func<\/strong>\u0163ioneaz\u0103 un sistem fotovoltaic<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Panourile solare capteaz\u0103 radia\u021bia solar\u0103 \u0219i o transform\u0103 \u00een curent continuu (CC). Utilizarea energiei \u0219i obiceiurile de consum sunt u\u0219or de urm\u0103rit cu un contor digital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Invertoarele sunt echipamente de producere a energiei electrice, din surse regenerabile, care au rolul de a transforma curentul continuu \u00een current alternativ necesar aplica\u021biilor electrice. Invertoarele mai sunt numite \u0219i \u201cmotoarele sistemelor fotovoltaice\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orice surplus de energie generat este injectat \u00een re\u021bea, aceast\u0103 energie fiind m\u0103surat\u0103 \u0219i monitorizat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • \"\"<\/figure><\/li>
  • \"\"<\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Pute\u021bi, de asemenea, s\u0103 trage\u021bi (\u00een mod automat) energie atunci c\u00e2nd ave\u021bi nevoie de ea. Pentru stocarea surplusului de energie realizat de un sistem cu panouri fotovoltaice este necesar\u0103 o baterie sau mai multe de stocare de energie. \u00cen cazul unui sistem fotovoltaic echipat cu baterii de stocare este necesar\u0103 prezen\u021ba unui regulator\/controler de baterii (separat sau integrat).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sistemele fotovoltaice ON-GRID<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Sunt sisteme fotovoltaice ce sunt \u00een mod obligatoriu racordate la re\u021beaua de energie electric\u0103 \u0219i care au posibilitatea de a injecta energie \u00een re\u021bea. Aceste sisteme nu au de regul\u0103 baterii, dar pot fi prev\u0103zute cu sisteme de stocare a energiei pentru cre\u0219terea gradului de autoconsum (prin implementarea unui invertor HIBRID). \u00cen cazul \u00een care furnizarea energiei electrice este \u00eentrerupt\u0103, invertorul ON-GRID \u00ee\u0219i \u00eentrerupe func\u021bionarea pentru protec\u021biaechipelor de interven\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Componen\u021ba sistemelor cuprinde de obicei : invertor, panouri fotovoltaice, contor inteligent \u0219i accesorii (sisteme de prindere, cabluri, tablou, elemente de siguran\u021b\u0103, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00centruc\u00e2t invertorul ON-GRID este legat \u00een paralel cu re\u021beaua, consumatorii pot s\u0103 ia o parte din energia produs\u0103 din panouri \u0219i restul din re\u021beaua na\u021bional\u0103. Dac\u0103 se dore\u0219te, invertorul ON-GRID poate limita produc\u021bia de energie la valoarea consumului, iar astfel nu este neap\u0103rat necesar contractul cu furnizorul de energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sistemele fotovoltaice ON-GRID pot fi folosite \u00een sectorul ter\u021biar, \u00een special \u00een aplica\u021bii unde exist\u0103 consumuri mari pe timpul zilei, cl\u0103diri de birouri, hoteluri, pensiuni, showroom-uri, hale de depozitare, hale de produc\u021bie, restaurant, parcuri fotovoltaice precum \u015fi \u00een sectorul reziden\u021bial: blocuri, ansambluri reziden\u021biale; case, vile (\u00een special dac\u0103 exist\u0103 consum mare pe timpul zilei).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Avantajele kiturilor ON-GRID<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Kiturile ON-GRID intr\u0103 sub inciden\u021ba legii prosumatorului \u0219i a ghidului de finan\u021bare put\u00e2nd conduce deci c\u0103tre independen\u021ba energetic\u0103 a utilizatorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pentru aceste kituri exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a monta panouri fotovoltaice diferite, pe orient\u0103ri diferite, la unghiuri diferite sau \u00een condi\u021bii dificile f\u0103r\u0103 a afecta eficien\u021ba global\u0103 a sistemului fotovoltaic (datorit\u0103 echip\u0103rii invertorului cu dou\u0103 regulatoare MPPT). Consumul maxim orar al instala\u021biei nu este limitat de m\u0103rimea sistemului fotovoltaic;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    De obicei, companiile acord\u0103 o garan\u021bie este de 2 ani pentru invertor cu posibilitate de prelungire p\u00e2n\u0103 la 7 ani (gratuit, prin \u00eenregistrare on-line) \u015fi <\/strong>10ani pentru panourile fotovoltaice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Recomand\u0103ri<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu anul 2021<\/strong>, orice cl\u0103dire ce necesit\u0103 autoriza\u021bie de construc\u021bie trebuie s\u0103 fie cl\u0103dire al c\u0103rei consum de energie este aproape egal cu zero (cl\u0103dire nZEB), respectiv cl\u0103dire cu o performan\u0163\u0103 energetic\u0103 <\/strong>foarte ridicat\u0103, la care consumul de energie este aproape egal cu zero sau este foarte sc\u0103zut \u015fi este acoperit, <\/strong>\u00een propor\u0163ie de minimum 10%, cu energie din surse regenerabile, inclusiv cu energie din surse regenerabile <\/strong>produs\u0103 la fa\u0163a locului sau \u00een apropiere. <\/strong>utiliza\u021bi echipamente electrocasnice smart ce pot fi programate\/pornite de la distan\u021b\u0103 (ex: ma\u0219ini de sp\u0103lat, sisteme de climatizare s.a.). Se recomand\u0103 utilizarea de invertoare smart ce pot comanda pornirea unor echipamente atunci c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 supraproduc\u021bie. scoate\u021bi din priz\u0103 echipamentele neutilizate pe timpul nop\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sistemele fotovoltaice HIBRID<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Sistemele fotovoltaice HIBRID sunt sisteme fotovoltaice ce sunt \u00een mod obligatoriu racordate la o surs\u0103 auxiliar\u0103 de energie electric\u0103 (generator sau re\u021bea de energie electric\u0103. .Aceste sisteme nu injecteaz\u0103 de regul\u0103 energie \u00een re\u021bea, \u00eens\u0103 pot fi prevazute cu accesorii \u00een acest sens. Sisteme HIBRID prezint\u0103 un num\u0103r mai mic de baterii datorit\u0103 prezen\u021bei sursei auxiliare \u0219i unul dintre principalele avantaje este acela c\u0103 poate func\u021biona ca stabilizator \u0219i UPS. \u00cen cazul \u00een care furnizarea energiei electrice este \u00eentrerupt\u0103, invertorul HIBRID comut\u0103 automat de pe re\u021bea pe baterii \u0219i asigur\u0103 func\u021bionarea continu\u0103 a consumatorilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sistemele fotovoltaice HIBRID sunt recomandate pentru<\/strong>: sectorul reziden\u021bial – case, vile, ansambluri reziden\u021biale, sectorul ter\u021biar, cl\u0103diri mici \u0219i medii unde se dore\u0219te \u0219i o solu\u021bie de back-up – cl\u0103diri de birouri, hoteluri, pensiuni, showroom-uri, restaurante, hale s.a.;, cl\u0103diri \u00een care exist\u0103 posibilitatea racord\u0103rii la re\u021bea, dar exist\u0103 c\u0103deri dese de tensiune (cl\u0103diri la periferia ora\u0219elor, zone rurale s.a.);, cl\u0103diri unde nu exist\u0103 posibilitate de alimentare cu energie electric\u0103 sau racordarea este prea costisitoare (cabane, hoteluri, pensiuni, info turistic, ferme, st\u00e2ne, sta\u021bii de reglare gaze, cabine de supraveghere s.a.), cl\u0103diri unde se dore\u0219te realizare unui sistem de siguran\u021b\u0103 de tip UPS (servere s.a.), cl\u0103diri unde se dore\u0219te cre\u0219terea gradului de autoconsum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Avantajele kitului <\/strong>HIBRID<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Kitul Hibrid de panouri fotovoltaice ofer\u0103 posibilitate de realizare a mai multor func\u021bii, \u00eentre care injectare \u00een re\u021bea, stocare \u00een baterii pentru utilizer pe timpul nop\u021bii precum \u015fi utilizarea bateriilor pe post de UPS \u00een zone unde exist\u0103 fluctua\u021bii sau c\u0103deri dese de current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kitul Hibrid intr\u0103 sub inciden\u021ba legii prosumatorului \u015fi poate conduce c\u0103tre independen\u021ba energetic\u0103 a utilizatorului. Deasemenea, poate func\u021biona \u0219i OFF-GRID atunci c\u00e2nd nu exist\u0103 re\u021bea. Aceste sisteme pot fi extinse ulterior cu mai multe baterii de stocare sau mai multe panouri fotovoltaice, \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de invertor. Toate componentele de baz\u0103 sunt incluse \u00een pachet, adic\u0103 invertoarele cu toate accesoriile incluse (regulator de baterii, sistem de monitorizare etc.). Exist\u0103 posibilitate monitorizare \u0219i control de la distan\u021b\u0103 prin telefon, laptop sau tablet\u0103. Garan\u021bia pentru invertor este de 5 ani  \u015fi de 10 anipentru panourile fotovoltaice<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sistemele fotovoltaice OFF-GRID<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Sunt sisteme fotovoltaice independente, ce nu sunt racordate la o surs\u0103 auxiliar\u0103 de energie electric\u0103. Aceste sisteme se utilizeaz\u0103 de regul\u0103 acolo unde nu<\/strong> exist\u0103 posibilitatea racord\u0103rii <\/strong>la re\u021beaua de energie electric\u0103 \u0219i necesit\u0103 un numar mai mare de baterii de stocare a energiei pentru a asigura func\u021bionarea autonom\u0103. Componenta acestor sisteme este similar\u0103 cu cea a solu\u021biilor HIBRID.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00centruc\u00e2t sistemul fotovoltaic OFF-GRID nu poate produce energie \u00een lipsa soarelui (cazuri \u00eent\u00e2lnite cu prec\u0103dere \u00een zilele de iarn\u0103) se recomand\u0103 utilizarea unui generator complementar. Acesta poate fi pornit manual atunci c\u00e2nd este necesar sau poate fi conectat direct la sistemul fotovoltaic av\u00e2nd rol de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a bateriilor de stocare \u0219i de alimentare continu\u0103 a consumatorilor (\u00een acest caz, sistemul fotovoltaic devine un sistem HIBRID).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sistemele fotovoltaice OFF-GRID <\/strong>sunt recomandate pentru cl\u0103diri unde nu exist\u0103 posibilitate de alimentare cu energie electric\u0103 sau racordarea este prea costisitoare (cabane, hoteluri, pensiuni, ferme, st\u00e2ne \u0219.a.), construc\u021bii izolate (cabane, puncte de informare turistic\u0103, st\u00e2ne, sta\u021bii de reglare gaze, cabine de supraveghere), cl\u0103diri unde se dore\u0219te independen\u021ba energetic\u0103, rulote, b\u0103rci, vapoare etc..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Avantajele sistemelor OFF-GRID<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Sistemele OFF-GRID asigura independen\u021ba energetic\u0103 a utilizatorului \u00een perioadele \u00eensorite. Dac\u0103 se dore\u0219te independen\u021baenergetic\u0103 \u0219i pe perioada iernii se recomand\u0103 completarea sistemului cu un generator automat, rezult\u00e2nd un sistem HIBRID. Pot fi extinse ulterior (mai multe baterii de stocare sau mai multe panouri fotovoltaice); Bateriile de stocare a energiei sunt obligatorii pentru un astfel de sistem \u0219i se vor alege \u00een func\u021bie de modul de utilizare, \u00een func\u021bie de consumatori \u0219i \u00een func\u021bie de autonomia dorit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Legea Prosumatorului<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u201cLegea prosumatorului\u201d este Legea nr. 184 din 18 iulie 2018, publicat\u0103 \u00een MO nr. 635 din 20 iulie 2018. Ea completeaz\u0103 OUG 24\/2017 \u0219i modific\u0103 Legea 220\/2008 pentru stabilirea sistemului de promovare a producerii energiei din surse regenerabile de energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Prosumatorul <\/strong>este produc\u0103torul de energie electric\u0103 (persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103 sau juridic\u0103, inclusiv blocuri de apartamente care nu are ca activitate principal\u0103 v\u00e2nzarea de energie electric\u0103;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Prosumatorii <\/em>care de\u0163in unit\u0103\u0163i de producere a energiei electrice din surse regenerabile cu puterea instalat\u0103 de cel mult 27 kW <\/strong>pe loc de consum pot vinde energia electric\u0103 produs\u0103 \u015fi livrat\u0103 \u00een re\u0163eaua electric\u0103 <\/strong>furnizorilor de energie electric\u0103;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Furnizorii de energie electric\u0103 sunt obliga\u0163i<\/strong>, la solicitarea prosumatorilor cu care ace\u015ftia au \u00eencheiatecontracte de furnizare a energiei electrice, s\u0103 achizi\u0163ioneze energia electric\u0103 produs\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Prosumatorii, persoane fizice sunt excepta\u0163i\/scuti\u0163i de la plata tuturor obliga\u0163iilor fiscale aferente cantit\u0103\u0163ii de energie electric\u0103 produs\u0103 pentru autoconsum, precum \u015fi excedentul v\u00e2ndut furnizorilor (produc\u0103torii nu mai trebuie s\u0103 fie PFA sau alt\u0103 entitate juridic\u0103).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00centr-o or\u0103 Pam\u00e2ntul prime\u0219te suficient\u0103 energie de la Soare pentru a acoperi \u00eentreaga nevoiea planetei<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4280],"tags":[4879,4878,4874,1083,4873,4876,4875,4877],"class_list":["post-24597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-constructii","tag-cladire-cu-o-performanta-energetica-foarte-ridicata","tag-invertor","tag-legea-prosumator","tag-panouri-fotovoltaice","tag-prosumatori","tag-sisteme-fotovoltaice-hibrid","tag-sisteme-fotovoltaice-off-grid","tag-sisteme-fotovoltaice-on-grid"],"yoast_head":"\nCe trebuie s\u0103 \u015fti\u0163i despre sistemele de panouri fotovoltaice - 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