{"id":27127,"date":"2023-02-27T22:39:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-27T22:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/?p=27127"},"modified":"2023-03-01T17:35:48","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T17:35:48","slug":"la-pas-pe-calea-serban-voda-ii-cladiri-istorice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/index.php\/2023\/02\/27\/la-pas-pe-calea-serban-voda-ii-cladiri-istorice\/","title":{"rendered":"La pas pe Calea \u015eerban Vod\u0103 (II) – Cl\u0103diri istorice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pe aceast\u0103 veche arter\u0103 g\u0103sim c\u00e2teva cl\u0103diri foarte vechi, de importan\u021b\u0103 istoric\u0103, ceea ce face ca o plimbare pe \u0218erban Vod\u0103 s\u0103 fie o c\u0103l\u0103torie \u00een timp, \u00een ciuda interven\u021biilor majore din apropiere. Vom eviden\u0163ia c\u00e2teva dintre aceste cl\u0103diri mai importante, care se pot vedea \u00eentr-o plimbare merg\u00e2nd dinspre Pia\u0163a Unirii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biserica Sf. Spiridon Nou<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Prima cl\u0103dire important\u0103 pe care o \u00eent\u00e2lnim pe Calea \u0218erban Vod\u0103 este biserica Sf\u00e2ntul Spiridon Nou. Ctitorie a familiei Ghica, in\u021bial o m\u0103n\u0103stire \u00eentemeiat\u0103 de Scarlat Ghica la 1767, a fost reconstruit\u0103 \u00een forma actual\u0103 de arhitectul Xavier Villacrosse<\/a> \u00eentre anii 1852 \u0219i 1858.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Biserica Sf\u00e2ntul Spiridon Nou, litografie de epoc\u0103<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Stilul contruc\u021biei este eclectic, cu accente neo-gotice, romantice \u0219i bizantine, fericit\u0103 \u00eembinare a arhitecturii bizantine \u0219i occidentale. Pictura interioar\u0103 este executat\u0103 de Gheorghe Tatarescu. O acuarela de epoc\u0103 ne arat\u0103 c\u0103 era una dintre cele mai \u00eenalte cl\u0103diri din Bucure\u0219tiul acelor ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0218i azi intrarea \u00een aceast\u0103 biseric\u0103, paraclis patriarhal, salvat\u0103 miraculos de valul de demol\u0103ri ce cuprinsese zona la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor 80, se face din Calea \u0218erban Vod\u0103. Turlele ei domin\u0103 vechiul pod, dar par pierdute \u00een mijlocul blocurilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calea \u0218erban Vod\u0103 33 \u2013 Cas\u0103 de t\u00e2rgove\u021b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

O c\u0103l\u0103torie \u00een timp ce prezint\u0103 evolu\u0163ia construc\u0163iilor din Bucure\u015fti \u00eencep\u00e2nd din a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului XIX demonstreaz\u0103 un mix de elemente vechi orientale la care treptat se adaug\u0103 elementele noi de influen\u0163\u0103 occidental\u0103, modul de locuire suferind \u015fi el \u00een timp schimb\u0103ri radicale.
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\u00cen prima jum\u0103tate a secolului XIX foarte multe din construc\u0163ii se prezentau sub forma arhitecturii vernaculare: case-bordei \u00eenconjurate de vegeta\u0163ie, livezi \u015fi gr\u0103dini, case cu prisp\u0103 deschis\u0103, cu st\u00e2lpi de lemn \u015fi geamuri mici pe structur\u0103 de lemn (geaml\u00e2curi), dar \u015fi case cu intrare spre pivni\u0163\u0103 (g\u00e2rlici) \u015fi pridvor. Se deosebesc \u015fi casele oamenilor cu stare, case cu parter \u00eenalt, cu geaml\u00e2c, acoperi\u015f \u015fi copertin\u0103 metalic\u0103, cu dependin\u0163e retrase precum \u015fi casele boiere\u015fti cu etaj, curte larg\u0103, cu dependin\u0163e \u015fi \u00eemprejmuire \u00eenalt\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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O categorie aparte de case, care se \u00eenmul\u0163esc odat\u0103 cu cre\u015fterea comer\u0163ului, sunt cele de t\u00e2rgove\u0163i precum \u015fi cele de negustori \u015fi imobilele cu pr\u0103v\u0103lii la parter \u015fi apartamente la etaj.  Din p\u0103cate, pu\u0163ine astfel de case cu valoare istoric\u0103 au rezistat timpului, incendiilor, cutremurelor \u015fi demol\u0103rilor din timpurile comuniste.  Acestea sunt \u00eencadrate \u00een patrimoniul cultural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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 La num\u0103rul 33 pe Calea \u015eerban Vod\u0103, se afl\u0103 una dintre cele mai vechi case din Bucure\u0219ti, aproape tot at\u00e2t de veche ca mai cunoscuta Cas\u0103 Melik, Muzeul Theodor Pallady, de pe strada Armeneasc\u0103. Casa din Calea \u0218erban Vod\u0103 33, <\/strong>unicul exemplu de astfel de cas\u0103 de t\u00e2rgove\u021b<\/a> \u2013 provenind din arhitectura tradi\u021bional\u0103, <\/strong>a fost construit\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul sec. al XVIII-lea, probabil \u00eentre 1798-1800. Prima referire documentar\u0103 dateaz\u0103 din 1883 c\u00e2nd are loc o sistematizare a str\u0103zii \u0219i proprietarul cere o autoriza\u021bie de modificare a fa\u021badei. O alt\u0103 autoriza\u021bie este cerut\u0103 \u00een 1896 tot datorit\u0103 regulariz\u0103rii str\u0103zii. Aceste modific\u0103ri vor afecta nu doar fa\u021bada ci \u0219i structura interioar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mai pu\u021bin norocoas\u0103 dec\u00e2t casa Melnik, casa de pe \u0218erban Vod\u0103 nu a reu\u0219it s\u0103 intre \u00een aten\u021bia publicului larg. Dup\u0103 1950 este na\u021bionalizat\u0103 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1990 cap\u0103t\u0103 diferite utiliz\u0103ri, printre altele devine sediul unei mici cooperative me\u0219te\u0219ug\u0103re\u0219ti. Un timp este nelocuit\u0103. Atualmente imobilul se afl\u0103 \u00een proprietatea statului \u0219i \u00een administrarea Institutului Na\u0163ional al Patrimoniului, fiind \u00eenscris pe Lista Monumentelor Istorice.  \u00cen septembrie 2022 imobilul se afla din nou \u00een restaurare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Arhitectura exterioar\u0103 eviden\u021biaz\u0103 influen\u021be \u021b\u0103r\u0103ne\u0219ti, cu elemente balcanice, adaptat\u0103 locuirii urbane. Arhitectura exterioar\u0103, a\u0219a cum a fost reconstituit\u0103 dup\u0103 restaurare, eviden\u021biaz\u0103 influen\u021ba arhitecturii \u021b\u0103r\u0103ne\u0219ti. Se vede \u0219i azi ceardacul cu st\u00e2lpi de lemn ce amintesc de prispa \u021b\u0103r\u0103neac\u0103 \u0219i \u00een parterul \u00eenalt a\u0219ezat pe o pivni\u021b\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103toare asemeni caselor din zona subcarpatic\u0103. Privit\u0103 dinspre strada este greu s\u0103 ne imagin\u0103m c\u0103 este un imobil cu dou\u0103 nivele. E foarte greu s\u0103 ne d\u0103m seama azi de modul de organizare al interiorului \u00een perioada ini\u021bial\u0103, mai ales dac\u0103 \u021binem seama de faptul c\u0103 imobilul \u0219i a pierdut func\u021bia de locuin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i a fost nelocuit. Este la fel de greu s\u0103 \u0219tim exact care era sistemul de \u00eenc\u0103lzire \u0219i cum a evoluat acesta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218coala Gimnazial\u0103 Enachi\u021b\u0103 V\u0103c\u0103rescu<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Merg\u00e2nd pe mai departe pe Calea \u0218erban Vod\u0103, \u00eent\u00e2lnim la num\u0103rul 62-64 \u0218coala Gimnazial\u0103 En\u0103chi\u021b\u0103 Vc\u0103rescu. Este una dintre cele mai vechi \u0219coli laice din Bucure\u0219ti. Ca urmare a legii \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntului promulgat\u0103 de Spiru Haret, \u00een 1864 se \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de unit\u0103\u021bi de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt de toate gradele \u0219i \u00een toat\u0103 \u021bara. Este anul \u00een care se inaugureaz\u0103 \u0219i \u0218coala primar\u0103 de b\u0103ie\u021bi nr 2, <\/em>construit\u0103 pe un teren donat de familia V\u0103c\u0103rescu. \u00cen 1897, \u00een semn de omagiu prime\u0219te numele de En\u0103chi\u021b\u0103 V\u0103c\u0103rescu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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De-a lungul timpului ea a avut mai multe denumiri, dar ultima restaurare realizat\u0103 cu profesionalism \u0219i respect pentru forma ini\u021bial\u0103 a cl\u0103dirii a p\u0103strat pe frontispiciu denumirea original\u0103. Profesionalismul restauratorilor este subliniat felul \u00een care au fost protejate elementele decorative \u0219i de modul \u00een care au fost ad\u0103ugate spa\u021biile noi, necesare extinderii \u0219i moderniz\u0103rii \u0219colii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015e:coala En\u0103chi\u0163\u0103 V\u0103c\u0103rescu – interior<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Cel care p\u0103\u0219e\u0219te azi \u00een aceast\u0103 \u0219coal\u0103 este uimit de generozitatea \u0219i elegan\u021ba spa\u021biilor interioare, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu scara de intrare \u0219i holul de la parter \u0219i continu\u00e2nd cu m\u0103rimea claselor \u0219i a ferestrelor. La intrare se afl\u0103 un medalion cu chipul lui En\u0103chi\u021b\u0103 V\u0103c\u0103rescu. Printre elevii celebrii ai \u0219colii se num\u0103r\u0103 academicianul Grigore Moisil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cl\u0103direa vechiului Senat<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

La num\u0103rul 105\/106 o cas\u0103 p\u0103raginit\u0103 nu aminte\u0219te prin nimic rolul important pe care l-a jucat \u00een istoria Rom\u00e2niei. Acolo s-au \u021binut primele \u0219edin\u021be ale Senatului Rom\u00e2niei. Dup\u0103 alegerea domnitorului Alexandru Ioan Cuza a fost constituit Corpul Ponderator – Senatul, a doua camer\u0103 parlamentar\u0103, alc\u0103tuit din capi ai bisericii \u0219i ai unor autorit\u0103\u021bi publice \u0219i din membri numi\u021bi de domnitor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Casa a fost cump\u0103rat\u0103 sau \u00eenchiriat de stat de la un negustor celebru \u00een epoc\u0103 cunoscut sub porecla Sperie Pe\u0219te. Acesta a construit o cas\u0103 neobi\u0219nuit\u0103 pentru epoca sa. Este o cl\u0103dire mai mult triunghiular\u0103, cu un etaj \u0219i subsol av\u00e2nd laturile pe cele dou\u0103 str\u0103zi, Calea \u0218erban Vod\u0103 \u0219i Valerian (fost\u0103 Senatului). Pe fiecare latur\u0103 sunt vizibile \u0219i azi c\u00e2te 7 ferestre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emanoil B\u0103descu, bibliotecar la Cabinetul de Stampe al Bibliotecii Academiei Rom\u00e2ne, cit\u00e2nd ziarele perioadei, scrie c\u0103 la prima \u015fedin\u0163\u0103, care a avut loc \u00een 6 decembrie 1864, \u00een aceast\u0103 cas\u0103, al c\u0103rui parter a fost amenajat \u00een form\u0103 de amfiteatru, au participat 73 de persoane, primii senatori din istoria Rom\u00e2niei, printre care Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, fra\u021bii Gole\u0219ti, C. A Rosetti. Dup\u0103 doar doi ani \u00een 1866 a fost considerat\u0103 ne\u00eenc\u0103p\u0103toare \u0219i prea \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u0103, conform dimensiunilor de atunci ale ora\u0219ului \u0219i Senatul a fost mutat\u0103 \u00een Palatul Universit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Ion Diamandi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u00cen urm\u0103 cu c\u00e2tva timp, casa se afla \u00eentr-o stare de crunt\u0103 mizerie, o adev\u0103rat\u0103 ruin\u0103<\/a>. Fotografii f\u0103cute \u00een urm\u0103 cu  circa 5 ani demonstreaz\u0103 cu prisosin\u0163\u0103 acest lucru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Casa Vechiului Senat, interior, acum 5 ani. Oare acum arat\u0103 la fel? Foto: Ion Diamandi <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u00cen urm\u0103 cu 4 ani, \u00eens\u0103, Primaria Municipiului Bucuresti a demarat lucr\u0103rile de punere \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 a cl\u0103dirii. Era o speran\u0163\u0103 \u015fi pentru o restaurare. Din p\u0103cate, a fost doar un foc de paie, cl\u0103direa este \u00een continuare o d\u0103r\u0103p\u0103n\u0103tur\u0103 \u015fi nu \u015ftim dac\u0103 \u00een interior mai sunt acelea\u015fi gunoaie \u00eentruc\u00e2t intrarea nu este posibil\u0103, prim\u0103ria pun\u00e2nd un gard care \u00eempiedic\u0103 acestlucru. \u021ain\u00e2nd cont de importan\u021ba istoric\u0103, sper\u0103m ca ea s\u0103 devin\u0103 un punct de atrac\u021bie \u0219i de ce nu aici s\u0103 fie \u00eenfiin\u021bat \u0219i primul muzeu al Senatului!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biserica Sf. Alexie<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Situat\u0103 pe Calea \u015eerban Vod\u0103, biserica \u201eSf\u00e2ntul Cuvios Alexie, omul lui Dumnezeu\u201d are o istorie de peste dou\u0103 secole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Actualul loca\u0219 de \u00eenchinare, ridicat \u00een anul 1799 pe locul unei alte biserici din lemn, este ctitoria jup\u00e2nului Alexie Arn\u0103utu \u015fi a so\u0163iei sale, Maria. Construc\u0163ia este mic\u0103 \u015fi are un aer intim. Are \u015fi o frumoas\u0103 pictur\u0103 la exterior. La interior este deasemenea foarte bogat decorat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cimitirul \u015eerban Vod\u0103 – Bellu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 la jum\u0103tatea secolului al XIX-lea bucure\u0219tenii \u00ee\u0219i \u00eengropau mor\u021bii \u00een cur\u021bile bisericilor. Existau c\u00e2teva cimitire \u00een afara ora\u0219ului, unde erau \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta\u021bi s\u0103racii, oamenii de r\u00e2nd sau cei mor\u021bi \u00een urma molimelor. Pentru a fi \u00een pas cu lumea modern\u0103, legiuitorii bucure\u0219teni au desfiin\u021bat aceste cimitire \u0219i au hot\u0103r\u00e2t \u00een 1831 \u201eLegiuirea pentru \u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103ri afar\u0103 din ora\u0219\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Cl[direa intr\u0103rii \u00een cimitirul Bellu, foto: wikipedia org<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u00cen anul 1852 o comisie a Sfatului Or\u0103\u0219enesc discut\u0103 crearea altor cimitire \u00een afara Bucure\u0219tiului. Unul dintre acestea era situat pe \u201culi\u021ba \u0218erban-Vod\u0103\u201d, unde se spune c\u0103 se afla o gr\u0103din\u0103 mare de portocali apar\u021bin\u00e2nd baronului Barbu Bellu (1825-1900), ministrul Cultelor \u0219i Justi\u021biei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Capela principal\u0103, foto: wikipedia org<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Terenul de circa 15 hectare a fost donat de Bellu Sfatului Or\u0103\u0219enesc care, la 26 noiembrie 1853, hot\u0103r\u0103\u0219te \u00eenceperea lucr\u0103rilor de amenajare a cimitirului. Arhitectul Alexandru Or\u0103scu \u00eentocme\u0219te planurile pentru ridicarea capelei pe locul unde fusese c\u00e2ndva biserica lui Bellu cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n (1799-1853), tat\u0103l baronului. Interiorul era realizat de pictorul Constantin Lecca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Monument funerar, foto: wikipedia org <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u00cen toamna lui 1855 \u00eencep amenaj\u0103rile terenului, primele \u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103ri fiind \u00een 1856, iar \u00een septembrie 1858 cimitirul \u00eencepe s\u0103 func\u021bioneze legal. \u00cen 1859 guvernul trece la aplicarea legii, prin mutarea celor \u00eenhuma\u021bi din ora\u0219 \u00een acest nou cimitir. C. A. Rosetti, ini\u021biatorul organiz\u0103rii Cimitirului Bellu, este primul concesionar pe care \u00eel putem g\u0103si \u00een Arhiva Cimitirelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Monumentul lui Mihai Eminescu, foto: <\/em>wikimedia org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u00cen noiembrie 1859 cump\u0103r\u0103 un loc de veci aici, pentru fiica sa, Elena. Din anul 1862 Cimitirul Bellu trece sub aripa Municipalit\u0103\u021bii bucure\u0219tene, a\u0219a c\u0103, \u00een momentul \u00een care vechea capel\u0103 se d\u0103r\u00e2m\u0103, primarul Pache Protopopescu pune piatra de temelie la noua capel\u0103 care va fi cl\u0103dit\u0103 \u00een stilul catedralei din Karlsbad. Ea va fi pictat\u0103 la \u00eenceput de Mihail Popp, iar mai t\u00e2rziu repictat\u0103 de Dimitrie Belisarie \u0219i Arthur Verona. Cimitirul Bellu avea 17 hectare \u00een 1859, iar \u00een prezent m\u0103soar\u0103 28 de hectare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Monument funerar modern, foto: wikipedia org<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Ast\u0103zi se disting vechea cl\u0103dire a intr\u0103rii \u00een cimitir \u015fi cea a capelei cu valoare arhitectural\u0103 dar \u015fi splendide monumente funerare, inclusiv noi \u015fi moderne, statuete \u015fi sculpturi, adev\u0103rate opere de art\u0103, construc\u0163ii monumentale de mici capele \u015fi cavouri. Tot \u00een cimitirul Bellu se afl\u0103 \u0219i Aleea Arti\u0219tilor, perimetrul unde sunt \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta\u0163i arti\u0219tii. Aici se g\u0103se\u015fte morm\u00e2ntul poetului na\u0163ional Mihai Eminescu dar \u015fi al \u00eendr\u0103gitului actor Toma Caragiu. P\u00e2n\u0103 prin anii ’70 cortegiile funerare, cu dricuri pline de flori \u015fi coroane \u015fi urmate de fanfar\u0103 treceau pe toat\u0103 \u00eentinderea C\u0103ii \u015eerban Vod\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la cimitirul Bellu. \u00cen anul 1967, la moartea poetului Tudor Arghezi, mii de oameni l-au \u00eenso\u0163it pe aceast\u0103 arter\u0103 dup\u0103 ce la catafalc venise tot Comitetul Central \u00een frunte cu Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ansamblul “Cimitirul \u0218erban Vod\u0103 – Bellu” este \u00eenscris \u00een Lista monumentelor istorice 2010 – Municipiul Bucure\u0219ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Text \u015fi foto: Maria Alexe<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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