{"id":4906,"date":"2020-08-08T22:34:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-08T22:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/?p=4906"},"modified":"2020-09-25T22:49:58","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T22:49:58","slug":"stiluri-mai-putin-cunoscute-in-arhitectura-romaneasca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeandstyle.ro\/index.php\/2020\/08\/08\/stiluri-mai-putin-cunoscute-in-arhitectura-romaneasca\/","title":{"rendered":"Stiluri mai pu\u0163in cunoscute \u00een arhitectura rom\u00e2neasc\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Caracteristica principal\u0103 arhitectural\u0103 \u015fi urbanistic\u0103 din \u0163ar\u0103 este reprezentat\u0103 de diversitatea arhitectural\u0103 \u015fi urbanistic\u0103, \u00eembinarea dintre diverse stiluri reprezent\u00e2nd un adev\u0103rat spectacol. Printre stilurile care se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc mai rar \u015fi numai \u00een anumite zone se reg\u0103sesc \u015fi stilul maur precum \u015fi cel reprezent\u00e2nd rena\u015fterea italian\u0103. Dac\u0103 cel din urm\u0103 se reg\u0103se\u015fte \u00een Transilvania la cl\u0103diri istorice cum sunt conacele sau palatele, stilul maur caracterizeaz\u0103 c\u00e2teva cl\u0103diri de re\u015fedin\u0163\u0103 aflate \u00een capital\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Palatul Elisabeta \u00een stil maur<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existen\u0163a acestor stiluri, mai pu\u0163in cunoscute \u00een \u0163ara noastr\u0103,  \u00eembog\u0103\u0163e\u015fte varietatea \u015fi accentueaz\u0103 mixul de stiluri ce imprim\u0103 originalitatea special\u0103 a peisajului urban autohton. Este de remarcat c\u0103 acest eclectism se manifest\u0103 \u015fi la nivelul cl\u0103dirii, foarte rar put\u00e2ndu-se vorbi despre case sau imobile av\u00e2nd un stil pur ci mai degrab\u0103 reg\u0103sindu-se doar de elemente specifice unui anumit stil. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Palatul Elisabeta<\/em>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oricum, astfel de propriet\u0103\u0163i (cu elemente de stil maur sau rena\u015ftere Italian\u0103) bine restaurate \u015fi av\u00e2nd finisaje de lux \u015fi dot\u0103ri moderne, reprezint\u0103 investi\u0163ii solide \u015fi extrem de valoroase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stilul maur<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Stilul maur sau mudejar s-a dezvoltat \u00eentre secolele XII \u0219i XVI, ap\u0103r\u00e2nd \u015fi ca o reac\u0163ie na\u0163ional\u0103 \u00eempotriva stilurilor dezvoltate \u015fi perfec\u0163ionate din apusul Europei, \u00een special din Fran\u0163a, Germania \u015fi Anglia. Dezvoltarea acestuia a fost favorizat\u0103 \u015fi de talentul \u015fi \u00eendem\u00e2narea arhitec\u0163ilor arabi \u015fi evrei. Ace\u015ftia erau stabili\u0163i \u00een peninsula iberic\u0103 unde au influen\u0163at substan\u0163ial arhitectura \u015fi au introdus tehnica azulejos<\/em> pentru ceramic\u0103. Constructorii care au pus \u00een practic\u0103 stilul mudejar<\/em> sunt cunoscu\u0163i ca mudejari sau mauri. Se poate afirma c\u0103 arta mudejar<\/em> este original\u0103 \u015fi apar\u0163ine societ\u0103\u0163ii medievale spaniole \u00een care convie\u0163uiau cre\u015ftini, musulmani \u015fi evrei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Vila Gagel<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arhitec\u0163ii de \u015fcoal\u0103 oriental\u0103 s-au remarcat prin m\u0103iestria cu care utilizau lemnul, c\u0103r\u0103mida, ghipsul \u015fi ceramica, materiale mai ieftine dec\u00e2t piatra folosit\u0103 cu prec\u0103dere \u00een Occident, \u00een special \u00een Fran\u0163a. Arhitec\u0163ii \u015fcoli\u0163i la  institu\u0163ii de prestigiu la acea vreme din Orient au promovat, pentru a face economii, zid\u0103ria din c\u0103r\u0103mid\u0103 \u00een loc de piatr\u0103, tavanul plat \u00een loc de bol\u0163i \u00eenalte. \u00cen final \u00een peninsula iberic\u0103 are loc o contopire \u00eentre arta mudejar <\/em>\u015fi stilurile central europene. Durata mai scurt\u0103 a execu\u0163iei construc\u0163iilor \u00een stil mudejar<\/em> a constituit un progres tehnologic important fa\u0163\u0103 de vechile metode de lucru cu zid\u0103rii de piatr\u0103, dup\u0103 proiecte mo\u015ftenite din perioada roman\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen secolul XIX apare nostalgia re\u00eenvierii stilului mudejar,<\/em> denumit acum neomudejar<\/em>, aplicat pe structuri moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Case maure \u00een Bucure\u015fti<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen  Bucure\u015fti  exist\u0103  multe  exemple  de  construc\u0163ii  care  folosesc  elemente  specifice  maure mudejar,<\/em> aplicate  pe  structuri moderne din  beton  armat. Apari\u0163ia acestui stil a \u00eembog\u0103\u0163it varietatea \u015fi a accentuat mixul de stiluri ce imprim\u0103 originalitatea special\u0103 a peisajului urban bucure\u0219tean. Deasemenea reprezint\u0103 \u015fi o valoare de patrimoniu \u00eensemnat\u0103. Una dintre cl\u0103dirile emblematice ale capitalei, Palatul Elisabeta<\/a>, prezint\u0103 o arhitectur\u0103 cu un astfel de stil, fiind aleas\u0103 ca re\u015fedin\u0163\u0103 regal\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Vila  din  cartierul Parcul Bonaparte (Doroban<\/strong>\u0163i)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Aceast\u0103 construc\u0163ie constituie  exemplul  perfect  de  cl\u0103dire de re\u015fedin\u0163\u0103 \u00een stil neomudejar<\/a>   aplicat  prin  elemente  de  d\u00e9cor  specific  montate  pe  o  structur\u0103  modern\u0103  de  construc\u0163ie  cu  plan\u015fee  \u015fi  buiandrugi  din  beton  armat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La  exterior  se  remarc\u0103  \u015firuri  de  arcade  \u00een  ogiv\u0103,  din  caramid\u0103,  asociate  cu  elemente  din  piatr\u0103  specifice  stilului  romanic.  Curtea  interioar\u0103  de  dimensiuni  reduse,  datorit\u0103  parcelei  de  teren  insuficient\u0103, este  de  remarcat  prin  atmosfera  provocat\u0103  de  succesiunea  de  arce  ce  compun  un  portic  clasic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 Pot fi remarcate  \u00een  camera  de  zi  arcade  diferite,  \u00een  semicerc  sau  fr\u00e2nte. Acestea sunt asociate  cu  o  coloan\u0103  zvelt\u0103   cu  capitel  romanic  dar  cu  decora\u0163ie  aplicat\u0103  din  elemente  fine  specific  artei  orientale.  Pardosala  din  parchet  de  lemn  masiv, dispus  decorativ  se  asociaz\u0103  cu  grinzi  din  lemn  masiv  prelucrat  pentru  stabilitate  dimensional\u0103. Este  pictat  cu  elemente  specifice  maure: solzi  de  pe\u015fte, arcade  oarbe, carouri,  romburi \u015fi  cruci.  Spale\u0163ii  golurilor  de  ferestre  \u015fi  arcade  sunt  deasemenea  picta\u0163i  cu  elemente  din  repertoriul  stilului. Buc\u0103t\u0103ria  este  dotat\u0103  cu  mobilier  \u015fi  utilaje  moderne  \u00eens\u0103  \u00een  alc\u0103tuire  \u015fi  forme   inspirate  de  tradi\u0163ia  medieval\u0103.  Camera  cu  func\u0163ia  birou  este  dotat\u0103  cu  mobiler  mai  pu\u0163in  legat  de  tradi\u0163ia  maur\u0103, fiind  inspirat\u0103  de  interioare  din  Europa  central\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vila Gagel<\/strong> din Cotroceni<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Un alt exemplu de cas\u0103 \u00een stil maur este vila Gagel din cartierul Cotroceni.  Binecunoscutul proprietar german de fabrici de p\u00e2ine, \u015fi-a construit la intersec\u0163ia str. Dr. Joseph Lister \u2013 Dr. Louis Pasteur, un mic palat \u00een stilul mauro-florentino-vene\u0163ian. Acesta era la mod\u0103 \u00een anii \u201930. \u00cen aceast\u0103 cas\u0103 a locuit \u00een anii \u201970 \u0219i marele artist Nicolae Herlea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Este de remarcat c\u0103 (la fel ca \u015fi vila din Doroban\u0163i), aceste case \u00een stil maur cu dou\u0103 etaje, spa\u021bioase, de cele mai multe ori cu o curte foarte mic\u0103, gardurile joase \u015fi transparente permi\u021b\u00e2nd gr\u0103dinilor de fa\u021bad\u0103 s\u0103 participe la imaginea str\u0103zii, cu frumo\u0219i copaci b\u0103tr\u00e2ni, sunt cele care dau acestor cartiere un caracter aparte \u0219i un lini\u0219tit aer burghez<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stilul rena\u015fterii italiene<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Arhitectura renascentist\u0103 este arhitectura perioadei de la \u00eenceputul secolului al XV-lea p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul secolului al XVII-lea, \u00een diferite regiuni ale Europei. Aici are loc o redefinire a interesului pentru cultura \u0219i civiliza\u021bia greco-roman\u0103. Spiritul european se elibereaz\u0103 de obscuritatea  religioas\u0103 care caracteriza epoca medieval\u0103. Sunt reconsiderate p\u0103tratul \u0219i cercul pentru plan, cubul \u0219i cilindrul pentru edificii. Este c\u0103utat\u0103 simplitatea, sunt folosite\u00een propor\u0163ii  diverse \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163iri, cum este sec\u0163iunea\/num\u0103rul de aur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Se pot deosebi dou\u0103 tendin\u021be. Prima este caracterizat\u0103 prin folosirea formelor de expresie ale antichit\u0103\u021bii. Construc\u021bii clare \u0219i armonice,  coloane, pila\u0219trii, arcade, capiteluri, frontonul triunghiular, cupole, fa\u021bade concepute \u021bin\u00e2ndu-se seam\u0103 de simetrie \u0219i ordine.  A doua tendin\u021b\u0103, proprie mai ales \u021b\u0103rilor nordice, \u00eembin\u0103 elementele antice cu tradi\u021biile stilului medieval. Predomin\u0103 liniile verticale combinate cu ogivele gotice. Sunt ad\u0103ugate ornamente \u0219i arabescuri (\u00een Spania).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conacul Apafi din M\u0103l\u00e2ncrav<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Situat \u00een micu\u0163ul \u015fi lini\u015ftitul sat M\u0103l\u00e2ncrav Conacul Apafi se bucur\u0103 de o arhitectur\u0103 impresionant\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cu o istorie de c\u00e2teva secole, \u00een timpul c\u0103rora a suferit mai multe interven\u0163ii \u015fi renov\u0103ri, conacul a fost recent restaurat \u00een mod exemplar \u015fi ofer\u0103 servicii turistice speciale din anul 2007.  Arhitectul german Jan H\u00fclsemann a readus cl\u0103direa la forma sa din sec.XVIII utiliz\u00e2nd materiale \u015fi tehnici tradi\u0163ionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Arhitectura impun\u0103toare este specific\u0103 rena\u015fterii italiene din secolele XV-XVI. Prezint\u0103 o structura principal\u0103 cu coloane \u015fi arcad\u0103 rotund\u0103 mare. Aceasta este continuat\u0103 cu frontonul baroc simplificat precum \u015fi cu \u201cpinteni\u201d neoclasici. Acoperi\u015ful este realizat \u00een stilul tradi\u0163ional specific Europei Centrale. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u0163igl\u0103 ceramic\u0103 tip solz cu pante pronun\u0163ate, lucarne \u015fi ochiuri de geam. Podul \u00eenalt a permis amenajarea sa ulterioar\u0103 tip mansard\u0103. Ferestrele sunt din lemn cu obloane, accesoriile din fier forjat. Terasa din partea frontal\u0103 prezint\u0103 dimensiuni mari cu mobilier din r\u0103chit\u0103 \u00eempletit\u0103 (foarte la mod\u0103 ast\u0103zi) \u015fi a fost  realizat local. Gr\u0103dina de l\u00e2ng\u0103 construc\u0163ie este cu mobilier fin din fier forjat iar f\u00e2nt\u00e2na artezian\u0103 a fost p\u0103strat\u0103 \u00een stare perfect\u0103. Amenajarea actual\u0103 p\u0103streaz\u0103 decorul nobiliar.Au fost ad\u0103ugate func\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163i la standardele moderne precum \u015fi parcul. Acesta a fost reconstituit dup\u0103 fotografiile vechi \u015fi oferind o \u015federe extrem de relaxant\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Parterul se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o mare fluiditate a spa\u0163iilor, deschideri generoase \u00eentre ele. Ambientarea presupune o combinare armonioas\u0103 a elementelor nobiliare \u2013 mobilier, \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime \u00eenc\u0103peri, dimensiuni mari ale ferestrelor, tablouri, sculpturi, etc. cu natur\u0103 (flori proaspete culese din gr\u0103dina proprie), elemente tradi\u0163ionale realizate local (milieuri laset\u0103, obiecte ceramice, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Funda\u0163ia Mihai Eminescu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Lucr\u0103rile de renovare \u015fi restaurare  au inceput in vara anului 2004. Au fost realizate de c\u0103tre o echip\u0103 de 20 muncitori din sat. Instruirea lor a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 de catre Funda\u0163ia Mihai Eminescu (proprietarul conacului), sub conducerea arhitectului Jan H\u00fclsemann \u015fi a me\u015fterilor Fritz Klutsch \u015fi Ernst Linzing.  Pentru exterior s-a lucrat doi ani de zile. S-a folosit c\u0103r\u0103mida lucrat\u0103 dup\u0103 acelea\u015fi metode folosite de maghiari \u00een secolul al XVII-lea. U\u015file, ferestrele, tocurile geamurilor precum \u015fi corpurile de bibliotec\u0103 au fost realizate la un mic atelier de t\u00e2mpl\u0103rie \u015fi mobilier din Gura R\u00e2ului.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interiorul a fost ref\u0103cut de la zero.  Designerul britanic David Mlinaric s-a ocupat cu amenajarea \u015fi decorul de interior prin care a fost respectat acela\u015fi spirit. Pardoseala a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 din c\u0103r\u0103mid\u0103 aparent\u0103, lucrat\u0103 manual la atelierele din satul Mal\u00e2ncrav.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen prezent Conacul Apafi aflat \u00een proprietatea Funda\u0163iei Mihai Eminescu<\/a>, ofer\u0103 spre cazare 4 camere duble \u015fi o camera single. Fiecare are baie proprie, o camer\u0103 de zi superb decorat\u0103, o bibliotec\u0103 mare buc\u0103t\u0103rie, dou\u0103 terase \u015fi o gradin\u0103. Renumit\u0103 este \u00een fiecare an S\u0103rb\u0103toarea M\u0103rului organizat\u0103 \u00een satul M\u0103l\u00e2ncrav \u00een luna octombrie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Caracteristica principal\u0103 arhitectural\u0103 \u015fi urbanistic\u0103 din \u0163ar\u0103 este reprezentat\u0103 de diversitatea arhitectural\u0103 \u015fi urbanistic\u0103, \u00eembinarea<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[923,928,925,929,930,927,342,924,926],"class_list":["post-4906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arhitectura","tag-arhitectura-renascentista","tag-civilizatia-greco-romana","tag-materiale-traditionale","tag-ogivele-gotice","tag-pinteni-neoclasici","tag-resedinta-in-stil-neomudejar","tag-stilul-maur","tag-stilul-nudejar","tag-tigla-ceramica-tip-solz"],"yoast_head":"\nStiluri mai pu\u0163in cunoscute \u00een arhitectura rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 - 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